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430 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
430 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
# PBot
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PBot is a pragmatic IRCv3 Bot written in Perl
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<!-- md-toc-begin -->
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* [Installation / Quick Start](#installation--quick-start)
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* [Features](#features)
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* [IRCv3 capable](#ircv3-capable)
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* [Powerful command interpreter](#powerful-command-interpreter)
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* [Piping](#piping)
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* [Substitution](#substitution)
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* [Variables](#variables)
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* [Selectors](#selectors)
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* [Inline invocation](#inline-invocation)
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* [Chaining](#chaining)
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* [Background processing](#background-processing)
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* [Output customization](#output-customization)
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* [Newlines in messages](#newlines-in-messages)
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* [Truncating long messages](#truncating-long-messages)
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* [Scripting interface](#scripting-interface)
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* [Extensible](#extensible)
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* [Factoids](#factoids)
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* [Code factoids](#code-factoids)
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* [Plugins](#plugins)
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* [Modules](#modules)
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* [Functions](#functions)
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* [Virtual machine to safely execute user-submitted code](#virtual-machine-to-safely-execute-user-submitted-code)
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* [Powerful user management](#powerful-user-management)
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* [Useful IRC quality-of-life improvements](#useful-irc-quality-of-life-improvements)
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* [Channel management and protection](#channel-management-and-protection)
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* [Easy configuration](#easy-configuration)
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* [Live reloading of core modules or data files](#live-reloading-of-core-modules-or-data-files)
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* [Documentation](#documentation)
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* [Frequently Asked Questions](#frequently-asked-questions)
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* [Support](#support)
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* [License](#license)
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<!-- md-toc-end -->
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## Installation / Quick Start
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To get up-and-running quickly, check out the [Quick Start guide](doc/QuickStart.md).
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## Features
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### IRCv3 capable
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PBot supports several features of the IRCv3 specification.
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* client capability negotiation
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* SASL authentication
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* account-notify, extended-join, and more.
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### Powerful command interpreter
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PBot has a powerful command interpreter with useful functionality, and tons of
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built-in commands.
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For more information, see the [Commands documentation.](doc/Commands.md)
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#### Piping
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You can pipe output from one command as input into another command, indefinitely.
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<pragma-> !echo hello world | {sed s/world/everybody/} | {uc}
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<PBot> HELLO EVERYBODY
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[Learn more.](doc/Commands.md#piping)
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#### Substitution
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You can insert the output from another command at any point within a command. This
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substitutes the command with its output at the point where the command was used.
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<pragma-> !echo This is &{echo a demonstration} of command substitution
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<PBot> This is a demonstration of command substitution
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For example, suppose you want to make a Google Image Search command. The naive
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way would be to simply do:
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<pragma-> !factadd img /call echo https://google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=$args
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Unfortuately this would not support queries containing spaces or certain symbols. But
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never fear! We can use command substitution and the `uri_escape` function from the
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`func` command.
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Note that you must escape the command substitution to insert it literally into the
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factoid otherwise it will be expanded first.
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<pragma-> !factadd img /call echo https://google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=\&{func uri_escape $args}
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<pragma-> !img spaces & stuff
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<PBot> https://google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=spaces%20%26%20stuff
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[Learn more.](doc/Commands.md#substitution)
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#### Variables
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You can use factoids as variables and interpolate them within commands.
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<pragma-> !factadd greeting "Hello, world"
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<pragma-> !echo greeting is $greeting
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<PBot> greeting is Hello, world
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PBot variable interpolation supports [expansion modifiers](doc/Factoids.md#expansion-modifiers), which can be chained to
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combine their effects.
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<pragma-> !echo $greeting:uc
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<PBot> HELLO, WORLD
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[Learn more.](doc/Factoids.md#list-variables)
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#### Selectors
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You can select a random item from a selection list and interpolate the value within commands.
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<pragma-> !echo This is a %(neat|cool|awesome) bot.
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<PBot> This is a cool bot.
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[Learn more.](doc/Commands.md#selectors)
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#### Inline invocation
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You can invoke up to three commands inlined within a message. If the message
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is addressed to a nick, the output will also be addressed to them.
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<pragma-> newuser13: Check the !{version} and the !{help} documentation.
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<PBot> newuser13: PBot version 2696 2020-01-04
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<PBot> newuser13: To learn all about me, see https://github.com/pragma-/pbot/tree/master/doc
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[Learn more.](doc/Commands.md#command-invocation)
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#### Chaining
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You can execute multiple commands sequentially as one command.
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<pragma-> !echo Test! ;;; me smiles. ;;; version
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<PBot> Test! * PBot smiles. PBot version 2696 2020-01-04
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[Learn more.](doc/Commands.md#chaining)
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#### Background processing
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Suppose you make a Plugin that provides a command that may potentially take a long time to complete?
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Not a problem! You can use the [`cmdset`](doc/Admin.md#cmdset) command to set the `background-process` [command metadata](doc/Admin.md#command-metadata-list)
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and the command will now run as a background process, allowing PBot to carry on with its duties.
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The familiar [`ps`](doc/Admin.md#ps) and [`kill`](doc/Admin.md#kill) commands can be used to list and kill the background processes.
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You can also [`cmdset`](doc/Admin.md#cmdset) the `process-timeout` [command metadata](doc/Admin.md#command-metadata-list) to set the timeout, in seconds, before the command is automatically killed. Otherwise the `processmanager.default_timeout` [registry value](doc/Registry.md) will be used.
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### Output customization
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#### Newlines in messages
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By default, PBot replaces newlines in command output with spaces. This can be customized on a per-channel or global basis
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to instead preserve the newlines and output each line as a distinct message.
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[Learn more.](doc/FAQ.md#how-do-i-change-how-the-bot-outputs-multi-line-messages)
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#### Truncating long messages
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Output that is longer than the maximum length of an IRC message will be pasted,
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with all formatting preserved, to a web paste service. The IRC message itself
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will be truncated, with enough room to append the paste URL.
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When `preserve_newlines` is enabled, if there are more lines available than `max_newlines` then
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all of the lines will be pasted, with formatting preserved, to a web paste service. PBot will then
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output up to `max_newlines` lines as distinct messages and then output the URL to the paste.
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### Scripting interface
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PBot uses [Plang](https://github.com/pragma-/Plang) as a scripting language. You can use the
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scripting language to construct advanced commands that are capable of interacting with PBot
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internal API functions.
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[Learn more.](doc/Plugins/Plang.md)
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### Extensible
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Additional commands and functionality can be added to PBot in the following ways.
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#### Factoids
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Factoids are a very special type of command. Anybody interacting with PBot
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can create, edit, delete and invoke factoids.
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A simple factoid merely displays the text the creator sets.
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<pragma-> !factadd hello /say Hello, $nick!
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<PBot> hello added to global channel.
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<pragma-> PBot, hello
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<PBot> Hello, pragma-!
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Significantly more complex factoids can be built by using `$variables`, command-substitution,
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command-piping, `/code` invocation, command prefixes such as `/say`, `/me`, `/msg`, and more!
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PBot factoids include these advanced features:
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* [undo/redo history](doc/Factoids.md#factundo)
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* [changelog history](doc/Factoids.md#factlog)
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* [channel namespaces](doc/Factoids.md#channel-namespaces)
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* [`factadd`](doc/Factoids.md#factadd) and [`factchange`](doc/Factoids.md#factchange) commands accept a `-url` option that sets the factoid contents from a paste website. In other words, you can edit a factoid's contents using your local editor, preserving line-breaks and indentation.
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* [advanced `$variable` interpolation](doc/Factoids.md#expansion-modifiers) (`$var:lc` to lowercase contents, `$var:ucfirst` to uppercase first letter, etc)
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* [factoid-based variable lists](doc/Factoids.md#list-variables) (e.g., add a factoid `colors` containing "red green blue" and then `!echo $colors` will randomly pick one)
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* [advanced argument processing](doc/Factoids.md#special-variables-1) (indexing, splicing, etc)
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* [metadata](doc/Factoids.md#factoid-metadata) (e.g. owner, times used, last used date, locked, etc)
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* [special commands](doc/Factoids.md#special-commands) (`/say`, `/me`, `/msg`, `/code`, etc)
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* and much, much more!
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For more information, see the [Factoids documentation](doc/Factoids.md).
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#### Code factoids
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Code factoids are a special type of factoid that executes its contents within a sandboxed virtual machine.
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The contents of code factoids must begin with the `/code` command:
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/code <language> <code>
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For example, the venerable `rot13` function:
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<pragma-> !factadd rot13 /code sh echo "$@" | tr a-zA-Z n-za-mN-ZA-M
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<PBot> rot13 added to global channel.
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<pragma-> !rot13 Pretty neat, huh?
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<PBot> Cerggl arng, uhu?
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Making a `choose` command:
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<pragma-> !factadd choose /code zsh _arr=($args); print $_arr[$((RANDOM % $#_arr + 1))]
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<PBot> choose added to global channel.
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Using the `choose` command via an [inlined command](doc/Commands.md#inline-invocation):
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<pragma-> hmm, what should I have for dinner? !{choose chicken "roast beef" pizza meatloaf}
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<PBot> pizza
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You can even pipe output from other commands to Code Factoids.
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<pragma-> !echo test | {rot13}
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<PBot> grfg
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For more information, see the [Code Factoid documentation](doc/Factoids.md#code).
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#### Plugins
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PBot can dynamically load and unload Perl modules to alter its behavior.
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These are some of the plugins that PBot has; [there are many more](lib/PBot/Plugin):
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Plugin | Description
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--- | ---
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[ActionTrigger](lib/PBot/Plugin/ActionTrigger.pm) | Lets admins set regular expression triggers to execute PBot commands or factoids.
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[GoogleSearch](lib/PBot/Plugin/GoogleSearch.pm) | Performs Internet searches using the Google search engine.
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[Quotegrabs](lib/PBot/Plugin/Quotegrabs.pm) | Grabs channel messages as quotes for posterity. Can grab messages from anywhere in the channel history. Can grab multiple messages at once!
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[RemindMe](lib/PBot/Plugin/RemindMe.pm) | Lets people set up reminders. Lots of options.
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[Weather](lib/PBot/Plugin/Weather.pm) | Fetches and shows weather data for a location.
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[Wolfram](lib/PBot/Plugin/Wolfram.pm) | Queries Wolfram\|Alpha for answers.
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[Wttr](lib/PBot/Plugin/Wttr.pm) | Advanced weather Plugin with tons of options. Uses wttr.in.
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[UrlTitles](lib/PBot/Plugin/UrlTitles.pm) | When a URL is seen in a channel, intelligently display its title. It will not display titles that are textually similiar to the URL, in order to maintain the channel signal-noise ratio.
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There are even a few games!
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Plugin | Description
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--- | ---
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[Battleship](lib/PBot/Plugin/Battleship.pm) | The classic Battleship board game, simplified for IRC
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[Connect4](lib/PBot/Plugin/Connect4.pm) | The classic Connect-4 game.
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[Spinach](lib/PBot/Plugin/Spinach.pm) | An advanced multiplayer Trivia game engine with a twist! A question is shown. Everybody privately submits a false answer. All false answers and the true answer is shown. Everybody tries to guess the true answer. Points are gained when people pick your false answer!
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#### Modules
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Modules are external command-line executable programs and scripts that can be
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loaded as PBot commands.
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Suppose you have the [Qalculate!](https://qalculate.github.io/) command-line
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program and you want to provide a PBot command for it. You can create a _very_ simple
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shell script containing:
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#!/bin/sh
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qalc "$*"
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And let's call it `qalc.sh` and put it in PBot's `modules/` directory.
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Then you can load it with the [`load`](doc/Admin.md#load) command.
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!load qalc qalc.sh
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Now you have a [Qalculate!](https://qalculate.github.io/) calculator in PBot!
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<pragma-> !qalc 2 * 2
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<PBot> 2 * 2 = 4
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These are just some of the modules PBot comes with; there are several more:
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Module | Description
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--- | ---
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[C-to-English translator](modules/c2english) | Translates C code to natural English sentences.
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[C precedence analyzer](modules/paren) | Adds parentheses to C code to demonstrate precedence.
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[C Jeopardy! game](modules/cjeopardy) | C programming trivia game based on the Jeopardy! TV game show.
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[C Standard citations](modules/c11std.pl) | Cite specified sections/paragraphs from the C standard.
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[Virtual machine](modules/compiler_vm) | Executes arbitrary code and commands within a virtual machine.
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[dict.org Dictionary](modules/dict.org.pl) | Interface to dict.org for definitions, translations, acronyms, etc.
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[Urban Dictionary](modules/urban) | Search Urban Dictionary for definitions.
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[Manpages](modules/man.pl) | Display a concise formatting of manual pages (designed for C functions)
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For more information, see the [Modules documentation](doc/Modules.md).
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#### Functions
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Functions are commands that accept input, manipulate it and then output the result. They are extremely
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useful with [piping](#piping) or [command substituting](#substitution).
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For example, the `uri_escape` function demonstrated in the [Substitution](#substitution) section earlier
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makes text safe for use in a URL.
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<pragma-> uri_escape thing's & words
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<PBot> thing%27s%20%26%20words
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We also saw the `sed` and `uc` functions demonstrated in [Piping](#piping). The `sed` function
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replaces text using a substitution regex. The `uc` function uppercases the text.
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<pragma-> echo Hello world! | {sed s/world/universe/} | {uc}
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<PBot> HELLO UNIVERSE!
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Here's a short list of the Functions that come with PBot.
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Name | Description
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--- | ---
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`uri_escape` | Percent-encodes unsafe URI characters.
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`sed` | Performs sed-like regex substitution.
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`grep` | Searches a string, using a regex, and prints the matching whole-word (e.g. `echo pizza hamburger hotdog \| {grep burger}` outputs `hamburger`).
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`pluralize` | Intelligently makes a word or phrase plural.
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`unquote` | Removes surrounding quotation marks.
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`title` | Title-cases text. That is, lowercases the text then uppercases the first letter of each word.
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`ucfirst` | Uppercases the first character of the text.
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`uc` | Uppercases all characters.
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`lc` | Lowercases all characters.
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Additional Functions can easily be added by making a very simple PBot Plugin.
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For more information, see the [Functions documentation](doc/Functions.md).
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### Virtual machine to safely execute user-submitted code
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PBot can integrate with a virtual machine to safely execute arbitrary user-submitted
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operating system commands or code.
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PBot supports [several shells and languages](doc/Factoids.md#supported-languages) out of the box!
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One of PBot's most powerful features, [Code Factoids](#code-factoids), would not be possible without this.
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<pragma-> !sh echo Remember rot13? | tr a-zA-Z n-za-mN-ZA-M
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<PBot> Erzrzore ebg13?
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<!-- -->
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<nil> !go package main\nimport "fmt"\nfunc main() { fmt.Print("foo" == "foo"); }
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<PBot> true
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<!-- -->
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<pragma-> !python print('Hello there!')
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<PBot> Hello there!
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PBot has extensive support for the C programming language. For instance, the C programming language
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plugin is integrated with the GNU Debugger. It will print useful debugging information.
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<pragma-> !cc char *p = 0; *p = 1;
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<PBot> runtime error: store to null pointer of type 'char'
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Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault at
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statement: *p = 1; <local variables: p = 0x0>
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It can display the value of the most recent statement if there is no program output.
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<pragma-> !cc sizeof (int)
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<PBot> no output: sizeof(int) = 4
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For more information about the C programming language plugin, see [the `cc` command in the Modules documentation.](doc/Modules.md#cc)
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For more information about the virtual machine, see the [Virtual Machine documentation.](doc/VirtualMachine.md)
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### Powerful user management
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PBot has powerful yet simple user management functionality and commands.
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* instead of generic access-levels, [fine-grained user capabilities](doc/Admin.md#user-capabilities) limit what users may do
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* user accounts can be global or channel-specific
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* users can be recognized by hostmask or required to login with password
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* users can adjust their [user-metadata](doc/Admin.md#user-metadata-list) with the [`my`](doc/Commands.md#my) command
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* and much, much more!
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For more information, see the [Admin documentation.](doc/Admin.md#user-management-commands)
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### Useful IRC quality-of-life improvements
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* [`mode`](doc/Admin.md#mode) command can take wildcards, e.g. `mode +ov foo* bar*` to op nicks beginning with `foo` and voice nicks beginning with `bar`
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* `unban <nick>` and `unmute <nick>` will remove all bans/mutes matching their current or previously seen hostmasks or accounts
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* [`ban`](doc/Admin.md#banmute) and [`mute`](doc/Admin.md#banmute) will intelligently set banmasks; supports timeouts
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* [`ban`](doc/Admin.md#banmute) and [`mute`](doc/Admin.md#banmute) can take a comma-separate list of nicks. Will intelligently group them into multiple `MODE +bbbb` commands
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* [`kick`](doc/Admin.md#kick) can take a comma-separated list of nicks; also accepts wildcards
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* and much, much more!
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For more information, see the [Admin documentation.](doc/Admin.md)
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### Channel management and protection
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PBot can perform the typical channel management tasks.
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* opping/deopping, etc
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* channel-mode tracking
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* user hostmask/alias tracking
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* ban-evasion detection
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* flood detection
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* whitelisting, blacklisting, etc
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* spam/advertisement detection
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* and much, much more!
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For more information, see the [Channels documentation](doc/Admin.md#channel-management-commands) and the [Anti-abuse documentation](doc/AntiAbuse.md)
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### Easy configuration
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PBot's settings are contained in a central registry of key/value pairs grouped by sections.
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These settings can easily be configured via several methods:
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* [PBot's command-line arguments](doc/Registry.md#overriding-registry-values-via-command-line)
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* [simple built-in commands (`regset`, `regunset`, etc)](doc/Registry.md#registry-commands)
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* [editing](doc/Registry.md#editing-registry-file) the [`$data_dir/registry`](data/registry) plain-text JSON file
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For more information, see the [Registry documentation.](doc/Registry.md)
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### Live reloading of core modules or data files
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Suppose you edit some PBot source file, be it a core file such as [PBot/Interpreter.pm](lib/PBot/Interpreter.pm) or
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a Plugin such as [PBot/Plugin/Wttr.pm](lib/PBot/Plugin/Wttr.pm). Or suppose there's a PBot update available. Most simple
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bots would require you to shut down the bot and restart it in order to see the modifications.
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Not PBot! you can simply use the [`refresh`](doc/Admin.md#refresh) command to reload all modified
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PBot core files and Plugins without bot restart.
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You can also use the [`reload`](doc/Admin.md#reload) command to reload any modified
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configuration or data files.
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## Documentation
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See the [PBot documentation](doc) for more information.
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## Frequently Asked Questions
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If you have a question, try the [PBot FAQ](doc/FAQ.md)!
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## Support
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For additional questions and support, feel free to join the `#pbot` channel on the [Libera.Chat](https://libera.chat/guides) IRC network ([Web Chat](https://web.libera.chat/#pbot)).
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## License
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PBot is licensed under the [MIT license](LICENSE).
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