30 KiB
Factoids
- About
- Special commands
- Special variables
- List variables
- action_with_args
- add_nick
- Channel namespaces
- Adding/removing factoids
- Displaying factoids
- Editing factoids
- Factoid metadata
- Information about factoids
About
Factoids are a very special type of command. Anybody interacting with PBot can create, edit, delete and invoke factoids. Factoids can be locked by the creator of the factoid to prevent them from being edited by others.
At its most simple, a factoid merely displays the text the creator sets.
<pragma-> !factadd hello /say Hello, $nick!
<PBot> hello added to global channel.
<pragma-> PBot, hello
<PBot> Hello, pragma-!
Significantly more complex factoids can be built by using $variables, command-substitution, command-piping, /code invocation, and more. Read on!
Special commands
/say
If a factoid begins with /say
then PBot will not use the
<factoid> is <description>
format when
displaying the factoid. Instead, it will simply say only the
<description>
.
<pragma-> !factadd global hi /say Well, hello there, $nick.
<PBot> hi added to the global channel
<prec> PBot, hi
<PBot> Well, hello there, prec.
/me
If a factoid begins with /me
then PBot will
CTCP ACTION
the factoid.
<pragma-> !factadd global bounce /me bounces around.
<PBot> bounce added to the global channel
<pragma-> !bounce
* PBot bounces around.
/call
If a factoid begins with /call
then PBot will call an
existing command. This is what factalias
does internally.
<pragma-> !factadd global boing /call bounce
<PBot> boing added to the global channel
<pragma-> !boing
* PBot bounces around.
/msg
If a factoid begins with /msg <nick>
then PBot
will privately message the factoid text to <nick>
.
Only admins can use this command.
/code
Code Factoids are a special type of factoid whose text is treated as code and executed with a chosen programming language or interpreter. The output from code is then parsed and treated like any other factoid text. This allows anybody to add new and unique commands to PBot without the need for installing Plugins or modules.
Code Factoids are executed within a virtual machine. You must install and set up a virtual machine with your operating system. See the Virtual Machine documentation for more information.
To create a Code Factoid, use the /code
command. The
syntax is:
factadd <keyword> /code <language> <code>
The <language>
parameter selects a
programming/scripting language or interpreter to use.
Supported languages
As of this writing, these are the languages and interpreters that PBot supports. It is easy to add additional languages or interpreters.
Name | Description |
---|---|
bash | Bourne-again Shell scripting language |
bc | An arbitrary precision calculator language |
bf | BrainFuck esoteric language |
c11 | C programming language using GCC -std=c11 |
c89 | C programming language using GCC -std=c89 |
c99 | C programming language using GCC -std=c99 |
clang11 | C programming language using Clang -std=c11 |
clang89 | C programming language using Clang -std=c89 |
clang99 | C programming language using Clang -std=c99 |
clang | Alias for clang11 |
clangpp | C++ programming language using Clang |
clisp | Common Lisp dialect of the Lisp programming language |
cpp | C++ using GCC |
freebasic | FreeBasic BASIC compiler/interpreter |
go | Golang programming language |
haskell | Haskell programming language |
java | Java programming language |
javascript | JavaScript programming language |
ksh | Korn shell scripting language |
lua | Lua programming language |
perl | Perl programming language |
python3 | Python3 programming language |
python | Python programming language |
qbasic | QuickBasic option using FreeBasic |
ruby | Ruby programming language |
scheme | Scheme dialect of the Lisp programming language |
sh | Bourne Shell scripting language |
tcl | TCL scripting language |
zsh | Z Shell scripting language |
Special variables
All the variables listed in Special Variables are expanded within Code Factoids before the code is executed or interpreted.
List variables are also expanded
beforehand as well. You can prevent this by using factset
to set the
interpolate
factoid
metadata to 0
. Alternatively, you can prevent
$variables
in the code from expanding by prefixing their
name with an underscore, i.e. $_variable
.
testargs example
Let’s make a simple Code Factoid that demonstrates command-line arguments. Let’s use the C programming language because why not?
<pragma-> !factadd testargs /code c11 printf("/say args: "); while (*++argv) printf("[%s] ", *argv);
<PBot> testargs added to the global channel.
<pragma-> testargs foo bar
<PBot> args: [foo] [bar]
<pragma-> testargs "abc 123" xyz
<PBot> args: [abc 123] [xyz]
Setting a usage message
Suppose you want the command to display a usage message if there are
no arguments provided. You can use the factset
command to set the
usage
factoid metadata.
<pragma-> !testargs
<PBot> args:
<pragma-> !factset testargs usage Usage: testargs <arguments>
<PBot> [global] testcargs 'usage' set to 'Usage: testargs <arguments>'
<pragma-> !testargs
<PBot> Usage: testargs <arguments>
poll/vote example
Here is a basic poll/vote example. Let’s use Perl this time.
First we add the factoids. Note that we use $_variable
with underscore prefixing the name to prevent them from being expanded
as List Variables.
<pragma-> !factadd startvote /code perl use Storable; my $_question = "@ARGV";
print "Starting poll: $_question Use `vote <keyword>` to record your vote.";
my %_votes = (); my @data = ({%_votes}, $_question);
system 'rm -rf vote-data'; mkdir 'vote-data' or print "$!";
store \@data, 'vote-data/data';
<pragma-> !factset startvote usage Usage: startvote <question>
<pragma-> !factadd vote /code perl use Storable; my $_data = retrieve 'vote-data/data';
my %_votes = %{shift @$_data}; ($_votes{"$nick"}) = (lc "@ARGV");
unshift @$_data, {%_votes}; store $_data, 'vote-data/data';
<pragma-> !factset vote usage Usage: vote <keyword>
<pragma-> !factadd votes /code perl no warnings; use Storable; my $_data = retrieve 'vote-data/data';
my %_votes = %{shift @$_data}; my $_question = shift @$_data;
if (not keys %_votes) { print "No votes for \"$_question\" yet."; exit; }
my %_count; map { $_count{$_}++ } values %_votes;
my $_result = "Poll results for \"$_question\": "; my $_comma = "";
map { $_result .= "$_comma$_: $_count{$_}"; $_comma = ', '; }
sort { $_count{$b} <=> $_count{$a} } keys %_count; print "/say $_result";
And action:
<pragma-> !startvote Isn't this cool?
<PBot> Starting poll: Isn't this cool? Use `vote <keyword>` to record your vote.
<pragma-> !vote yes
<luser69> !vote no
<someguy> !vote yes
<derpy3> !vote hamburger
<pragma-> !votes
<PBot> Poll results for "Isn't this cool?": yes: 2, no: 1, hamburger: 1
SpongeBob Mock meme example
Here is an example demonstrating how Code Factoids and command piping can work together.
The SpongeBob Mock meme takes something ridiculous somebody said and repeats it with the letters in alternating lower and upper case.
<derpy3> Girls are dumb!
<SpBob> smh @ derpy3... gIrLs ArE dUmB!
Let’s make a command, using a Code Factoid, to do this!
sm
stands for “SpongeBob Mock”. This time we’ll use the
Bash shell scripting language.
<pragma-> !factadd sm /code bash echo "${@,,}"|perl -pe 's/(?<!^)[[:alpha:]].*?([[:alpha:]]|$)/\L\u$&/g'
<pragma-> !factset sm usage Usage: sm <text>
<pragma-> !sm Testing one, two...
<PBot> tEsTiNg OnE, tWo...
Using command-piping
You can pipe the output of other commands to Code Factoids.
<pragma-> !echo Testing three, four... | {sm}
<PBot> tEsTiNg ThReE, fOuR...
<pragma-> !version | {sm}
<PBot> pBoT vErSiOn 2696 2020-01-04
Improving SpongeBob Mock meme
Let’s improve the SpongeBob Mock meme by using the
recall
command to select the mock text for us.
First of all, the recall
command prints output like
this:
<derpy3> Girls are dumb!
<pragma-> !recall derpy3 girls
<PBot> [5m30s ago] <derpy3> Girls are dumb!
So we’re going to use the func
command to invoke the
built-in sed
function to strip the timestamp and the name,
leaving only the message. smr
stands for “SpongeBob Mock
Recall”.
<pragma-> !factadd smr /call recall $args | {func sed s/^.*?\] (<.*?> )?(\S+:\s*)?//} | {sm}
<derpy3> Girls are dumb!
<pragma-> !smr derpy3 girls
<PBot> gIrLs ArE dUmB!
We can make an alias with a more friendly name.
<pragma-> !factalias mock smr
If the recalled message is the most recent, there is no need to use
an argument (e.g., girls
).
<derpy3> Girls are dumb!
<pragma-> !mock derpy3
<PBot> gIrLs ArE dUmB!
Formatting and editing lengthy Code Factoids
The poll Code Factoid examples got pretty long, didn’t they? It can
be quite difficult read them with the factshow
command. Editing them in your
IRC client can be awkward, too. What if you could use your local
system’s text editor instead? And then upload the text to a Web-based
paste site whose URL you can give to PBot to update the factoid? Guess
what? You can!
The factadd
command accepts a
-url
option that allows you to set PBot factoid contents
from an external Web-based text paste site. This allows you to use your
local text editor to craft Code Factoids that contain line-breaks and
indentation. You may combine this with the -f
option to
force overwriting an existing Code Factoid with your latest
modifications.
Likewise, the factshow
command
accepts a -p
option that will paste the contents of the
factoid to a Web paste site. This allows you to read the factoid with
its formatting preserved. You can also copy the paste to your local text
editor.
Special variables
You can use the following variables in a factoid or, in some cases, as an argument to one.
args `args` expands to any text following the keyword. If there is no text then it expands to the nick of the caller.
arg[n]
`arg[n]expands to the nth argument. Indexing begins from 0 (the first argument is
arg[0]`). You may use a negative number to count
from the end; e.g., `arg[-2]` means the 2nd argument from the
end. Multiple words can be double-quoted to constitute one argument. If
the argument does not exist, the variable and the leading space before
it will be silently removed.
arg[n:m]
`arg[n:m]expands to a slice of arguments between
nand
m. Indexing begins from 0 (the first argument is
arg[0]`). Omitting the `m` value will use up the
arguments after the `n`th value; e.g., `arg[2:]` means the
remaining arguments after the first two. Multiple words can be
double-quoted to constitute one argument. If the argument does not
exist, the variable and the leading space before it will be silently
removed.
arglen `arglen` expands to the number of arguments provided to a factoid.
channel `channel` expands to the name of the channel in which the factoid is used.
nick `nick` expands to the nick of the caller.
randomnick `randomnick` expands to a random nick from the channel in which the factoid is used. Filtered to nicks who have spoken in channel in the last two hours.
$0
$0
expands to the original keyword used to invoke a
factoid.
List variables
You may create a factoid containing a list of quoted values. When
this factoid is used as a $variable
a random value will be
selected from the list.
For example, first create a normal factoid.
<pragma-> !factadd global colors is red green blue "bright yellow" pink "dark purple" orange
<PBot> colors added to the global channel
Then use the factoid as a $variable
.
<pragma-> !echo $colors
<PBot> red
<pragma-> !factadd global sky is /say The sky is $colors.
<PBot> sky added to the global channel
<pragma-> !sky
<PBot> The sky is dark purple.
<pragma-> !sky
<PBot> The sky is green.
Another example, creating the RTFM trigger:
<pragma-> !factadd global sizes is big large tiny small huge gigantic teeny
<PBot> sizes added to the global channel
<pragma-> !factadd global attacks is whaps thwacks bashes smacks punts whacks
<PBot> attacks added to the global channel
<pragma-> !factadd global rtfm is /me $attacks $args with a $sizes $colors manual.
<PBot> rtfm added to the global channel
<pragma-> !rtfm mauke
* PBot thwacks mauke with a big red manual.
Expansion modifiers
Factoid $variables
can accept trailing expansion
modifier keywords prefixed with a colon. These can be chained together
to combine their effects.
<pragma-> !echo $colors:uc
<PBot> RED
<pragma-> !echo $colors:ucfirst
<PBot> Blue
Modifier | Description |
---|---|
:uc |
Uppercases the expansion |
:lc |
Lowercases the expansion |
:ucfirst |
Uppercases the first letter in the expansion |
:title |
Lowercases the expansion and then uppercases the initial letter of each word |
:<channel> |
Looks for variable in <channel> first; use
global to refer to the global channel |
action_with_args
You can use the factset
command
to set a special factoid metadata key
named action_with_args
to trigger an alternate message if
an argument has been supplied.
<pragma-> !factadd global snack is /me eats a cookie.
<PBot> snack added to the global channel
<pragma-> !factset global snack action_with_args /me gives $args a cookie.
<PBot> [Factoids] (global) snack: 'action_with_args' set to '/me gives $args a cookie.'
<pragma-> !snack
* PBot eats a cookie.
<pragma-> !snack orbitz
* PBot gives orbitz a cookie.
add_nick
You can use the factset
command
to set a special factoid metadata key
named add_nick
to prepend the nick of the caller to the
output. This is mostly useful for modules.
Channel namespaces
Factoids added in one channel may be called/triggered in another channel or in private message, providing that the other channel doesn’t already have a factoid of the same name (in which case that channel’s factoid will be triggered).
Factoids may be added to a special channel named global
.
Factoids that are set in this channel will be accessible to any
channels. Factoids that are set in a specific channel will override
factoids of the same name that are set in the global
channel or other channels.
For example, if there were factoid named malloc
set in
##c
and in global
, and you invoke it in
##c
then the ##c
version would be used. If the
factoid were triggered in any other channel, then the
global
version would be invoked.
Now imagine ##c++
also has a malloc
factoid. If you invoke it in ##c++
then its version of the
factoid would be used instead of ##c
’s or
global
’s versions. If you invoke it in a channel that is
not ##c++
or ##c
then the global
version would be used.
However, if there is no malloc
factoid in the
global
channel but there is one in ##c
and
##c++
, and you attempt to invoke it in any other channel
then PBot will display a disambiguation message listing which channels
it belongs to and instructing you to use the fact
command to call the desired
factoid.
Adding/removing factoids
factadd
To create a factoid, use the factadd
command. This
command can alternatively accept a Web paste site via the
-url
option; this allows you to use your local editor to
set factoid text that can include line-breaks and indentation.
Usage:
factadd [-f] [channel] <keyword> (<description> | -url <Web paste site>)
To add a factoid to the global channel, use global
as
the channel parameter.
<pragma-> !factadd ##c c /say C rocks!
To force overwriting an existing factoid, use the -f
option.
factrem
forget
To remove a factoid, use the factrem
or
forget
command.
Usage: factrem [channel] <keyword>
forget [channel] <keyword>
factalias
To create an factoid that acts as an alias for a command, use the
factalias
command or create a factoid with its text set to
/call <command>
.
Usage:
factalias [channel] <keyword> <command>
<pragma-> !factadd book /me points accusingly at $args, "Where is your book?"
<pragma-> !book newbie
* PBot points accusingly at newbie, "Where is your book?"
<pragma-> !factalias rafb book
<pragma-> !rafb runtime
* PBot points accusingly at runtime, "Where is your book?"
<pragma-> !factadd offtopic /say In this channel, $args is off-topic.
<pragma-> !offtopic C++
<PBot> In this channel, C++ is off-topic.
<pragma-> !factadd C++ /call offtopic C++
<pragma-> !C++
<PBot> In this channel, C++ is off-topic.
Displaying factoids
To view or trigger a factoid, one merely issues its keyword as a command.
<pragma-> PBot, c?
<PBot> C rocks!
<pragma-> !snack
* PBot eats a cookie.
fact
To view or trigger a factoid belonging to a specific channel, use the
fact
command.
Usage:
fact <channel> <keyword> [arguments]
factshow
To see a factoid’s literal value without invoking the factoid, use
the factshow
command.
Usage: factshow [-p] [channel] <keyword>
<pragma-> !factshow hi
<PBot> hi: /say $greetings, $nick.
You can use the -p
option to have PBot paste the factoid
description to a Web-based text paste site. PBot will output a link to
the paste instead. This is useful if the factoid was added with factadd
’s -url
option and
contains formatting such as line-breaks and indentation.
Editing factoids
factchange
To change a factoid, use the factchange
command. This
command can alternatively accept a Web paste site via the
-url
option; this allows you to use your local editor to
set factoid text that can include line-breaks and indentation.
Usage:
factchange [channel] <keyword> (s/<pattern>/<change to>/[gi] | -url <paste site>)
<pragma-> !c
<PBot> C rocks!
<pragma-> !factchange ##c c s/rocks/rules/
<PBot> c changed.
<pragma-> !c
<PBot> C rules!
Note that the final argument is a Perl-style substitution regex. See
man perlre
on your system.
For instance, it is possible to append to a factoid by using:
factchange channel factoid s/$/text to append/
. Likewise,
you can prepend to a factoid by using:
factchange channel factoid s/^/text to prepend/
.
factmove
To rename a factoid or move a factoid to a different channel, use the
factmove
command:
Usage:
factmove <source channel> <source factoid> <target channel/factoid> [target factoid]
If three arguments are given, the factoid is renamed in the source channel. If four arguments are given, the factoid is moved to the target channel with the target name.
factundo
To revert to an older revision, use the factundo
command. You can repeatedly undo a factoid until there are no more undos
remaining. You can also list all revisions and then directly jump to a
specific revision.
Usage:
factundo [-l [N]] [-r <N>] [channel] <keyword>
-l [N]
list undo history, optionally starting fromN
-r <N>
jump to revisionN
factredo
To revert to a newer revision, use the factredo
command.
You can repeatedly redo a factoid until there are no more redos
available. You can also list all revisions and then directly jump to a
specific revision.
Usage:
factredo [-l [N]] [-r <N>] [channel] <keyword>
-l [N]
list undo history, optionally starting fromN
-r <N>
jump to revisionN
Factoid metadata
factset
To view or set factoid metadata,
such as owner, rate-limit, etc, use the factset
command.
Usage:
factset [channel] <factoid> [<key> [value]]
Omit <key>
and <value>
to list
all the keys and values for a factoid. Specify <key>
,
but omit <value>
to see the value for a specific
key.
factunset
To unset factoid metadata, use
the factunset
command.
Usage:
factunset [channel] <factoid> <key>
Factoid metadata List
This is a list of recognized factoid metadata fields. A user-capability of
none
signifies that anybody can set the field.
Name | Capability | Description |
---|---|---|
action |
none | The action to perform or text to display when the factoid is invoked. |
action_with_args |
none | Optional alternate action to perform if any arguments have been supplied when invoking the factoid. |
usage |
none | Prints a usage message when no arguments are provided. |
help |
none | The text to display when the help command is used on this
factoid. |
created_on |
botowner | The timestamp of when the factoid was created. |
enabled |
chanop | Whether the factoid can be invoked or not. If it is disabled, the command will be silently ignored. |
last_referenced_in |
botowner | The channel or private-message in which the factoid was last used. |
last_referenced_on |
botowner | The timestamp of when the factoid was last used. |
modulelauncher_subpattern |
botowner | A substitution expression used to modify the arguments into a command-line for a module factoid. |
owner |
botowner | The creator of the factoid. The creator has the ability to lock the factoid, etc. |
rate_limit |
chanop | The factoid may be invoked only once per this many seconds.
0 for no limit. |
ref_count |
botowner | How many times the factoid has been invoked in its life-time. |
ref_user |
botowner | The hostmask of the last person to invoke the factoid. |
type |
botowner | The type of the factoid. “text” for regular factoid; “module” for module. |
edited_by |
botowner | The hostmask of the person to last edit the factoid. |
edited_on |
botowner | The timestamp of when the factoid was last edited. |
locked |
chanop | If enabled, prevents the factoid from being changed or removed. |
add_nick |
chanop | Prepends the nick of the person invoking the factoid to the output of the factoid. |
nooverride |
chanop | Prevents the creation of a factoid with an identical name in a different channel. |
cap-override |
botowner | Provides a user with the capability specified, just for this factoid invocation. |
persist-key |
admin | The storage key for allowing code-factoids to persist variables |
interpolate |
none | When set to a false value, $variables will not be
expanded. |
keyword_override |
none | Once invoked, make PBot think this factoid is a different one. |
no_keyword_override |
none | Ignore the --keyword-override=... option. |
use_output_queue |
none | When set to a true value, the output will be delayed by a random number of seconds to simulate reading/typing. |
locked_to_channel |
none | This factoid can only be invoked in the channel in which it was created. |
allow_empty_args |
none | Do not replace empty arguments with $nick . |
require_explicit_args |
none | Aliases must have explicit $args . |
preserve_whitespace |
none | Do not collapse ajdacent whitespace characters. |
Information about factoids
factfind
To search the database for a factoid, use the ’factfind` command. You may optionally specify whether to narrow by channel and/or include factoid owner and/or last referenced by in the search.
If there is only one match for the query, it will display that factoid and its text, otherwise it will list all matching keywords.
Usage:
factfind [-channel channel] [-owner nick] [-by nick] [-regex] [text]
If you specify the -regex
flag, the text
argument will be treated as a regex.
<pragma-> !factfind cast
<PBot> 3 factoids match: [##c] NULL casting dontcastmalloc
factinfo
To get information about a factoid, such as who submitted it and
when, use the factinfo
command.
Usage: factinfo [channel] <keyword>
<pragma-> !factinfo ##c NULL
<PBot> NULL: Factoid submitted by Major-Willard for all channels
on Sat Jan 1 16:17:42 2005 [5 years and 178 days ago],
referenced 39 times (last by pragma- on Sun Jun 27 04:40:32 2010 [5 seconds ago])
factlog
To see a factoid’s changelog history, use the factlog
command.
Usage: factlog [-h] [-t] [channel] <factoid>
-h
shows full hostmasks instead of just the nick.
-t
shows the actual timestamp instead of relative.
<pragma-> !factadd hi /say Hello there!
<PBot> hi added to global channel.
<pragma-> !factchange hi s/!$/, $nick!/
<PBot> Changed: hi is /say Hello there, $nick!
<pragma-> !forget hi
<PBot> hi removed from the global channel.
<pragma-> !factadd hi /say Hi!
<pragma-> !factlog hi
<PBot> [3m ago] pragma- created: /say Hi!
[5m ago] pragma- deleted
[8m ago] pragma- changed to /say Hello there, $nick!
[10m ago] pragma- created: /say Hello there!
factset
To view factoid metadata, such
as owner, rate-limit, etc, use the factset
command.
Usage:
factset [channel] <factoid> [<key> [value]]
Omit <key>
and <value>
to list
all the keys and values for a factoid. Specify <key>
,
but omit <value>
to see the value for a specific
key.
count
To see how many factoids and what percentage of the database
<nick>
has submitted, use the count
command.
Usage: count <nick>
<pragma-> !count prec
<PBot> prec has submitted 28 factoids out of 233 (12%)
<pragma-> !count twkm
<PBot> twkm has submitted 74 factoids out of 233 (31%)
<pragma-> !count pragma
<PBot> pragma has submitted 27 factoids out of 233 (11%)
histogram
To see a histogram of the top factoid submitters, use the
histogram
command.
<pragma-> !histogram
<PBot> 268 factoids, top 10 submitters: twkm: 74 (27%) Major-Willard: 64 (23%) pragma-: 40 (14%) prec: 39 (14%) defrost: 14 (5%) PoppaVic: 10 (3%) infobahn: 7 (2%) orbitz: 3 (1%) mauke: 3 (1%) Tom^: 2 (1%)
top20
To see the top 20 most popular factoids, use the top20
command. It can also show you the 50 most recent factoids that were
added to a channel.
Usage:
top20 <channel> [<nick> or 'recent']
<pragma-> !top20 ##c
<PBot> Top 20 referenced factoids for ##c: explain (3459) c11 (2148) book (1070) books (1049) K&R (1000) dontcastmalloc (991) notC (696) standard (655) c99 (506) scanf (501) declare (453) std (434) cstd (344) tias (305) parens (291) int (287) c1x (272) UB (263) H&S (257) binky (236)
<pragma-> !top20 ##c pragma-
<PBot> 20 factoids last referenced by pragma- (pragma-!~chaos@unaffiliated/pragmatic-chaos): to [1d20h ago] realloc [3d15h ago] deport [4d16h ago] long [4d16h ago] decay [6d17h ago] x [6d16h ago] sizeof [13d18h ago] ENOQUESTION [13d19h ago] main [13d10h ago] cfaq [14d22h ago] heap [14d23h ago] malloc [15d15h ago] _ [16d20h ago] declareuse [17d15h ago] rot13 [17...
<pragma-> !top20 ##c recent
<PBot> 50 most recent ##c submissions: barometer [9h ago by kurahaupo] glib-pcre [21h ago by aozt] unspecified [1d13h ago by pragma-] rules [1d17h ago by oldlaptop] pjp [2d3h ago by d3738] gnu-errno-name-num [2d21h ago by aozt] cbreak [5d8h ago by jp] test case [5d9h ago by pragma-] googlearn [6d2h ago by glacial] threads [8d10h ago by glacial] cjeopard...