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Polish doc/VirtualMachine.md a bit

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doc/README.md
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@ -321,13 +321,13 @@
* [Prerequisites](VirtualMachine.md#prerequisites)
* [CPU Virtualization Technology](VirtualMachine.md#cpu-virtualization-technology)
* [KVM](VirtualMachine.md#kvm)
* [libvirt](VirtualMachine.md#libvirt)
* [libvirt and QEMU](VirtualMachine.md#libvirt-and-qemu)
* [Make a pbot-vm user or directory](VirtualMachine.md#make-a-pbot-vm-user-or-directory)
* [Add libvirt group to your user](VirtualMachine.md#add-libvirt-group-to-your-user)
* [Download Linux ISO](VirtualMachine.md#download-linux-iso)
* [Creating a new virtual machine](VirtualMachine.md#creating-a-new-virtual-machine)
* [Installing Linux in the virtual machine](VirtualMachine.md#installing-linux-in-the-virtual-machine)
* [Configuring virtual machine for PBot](VirtualMachine.md#configuring-virtual-machine-for-pbot)
* [Create a new virtual machine](VirtualMachine.md#create-a-new-virtual-machine)
* [Install Linux in the virtual machine](VirtualMachine.md#install-linux-in-the-virtual-machine)
* [Configure virtual machine for PBot](VirtualMachine.md#configure-virtual-machine-for-pbot)
* [Set up serial ports](VirtualMachine.md#set-up-serial-ports)
* [Install Perl](VirtualMachine.md#install-perl)
* [Install PBot VM Guest](VirtualMachine.md#install-pbot-vm-guest)

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@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
* [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
* [CPU Virtualization Technology](#cpu-virtualization-technology)
* [KVM](#kvm)
* [libvirt](#libvirt)
* [libvirt and QEMU](#libvirt-and-qemu)
* [Make a pbot-vm user or directory](#make-a-pbot-vm-user-or-directory)
* [Add libvirt group to your user](#add-libvirt-group-to-your-user)
* [Download Linux ISO](#download-linux-iso)
* [Creating a new virtual machine](#creating-a-new-virtual-machine)
* [Installing Linux in the virtual machine](#installing-linux-in-the-virtual-machine)
* [Configuring virtual machine for PBot](#configuring-virtual-machine-for-pbot)
* [Create a new virtual machine](#create-a-new-virtual-machine)
* [Install Linux in the virtual machine](#install-linux-in-the-virtual-machine)
* [Configure virtual machine for PBot](#configure-virtual-machine-for-pbot)
* [Set up serial ports](#set-up-serial-ports)
* [Install Perl](#install-perl)
* [Install PBot VM Guest](#install-pbot-vm-guest)
@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ Some quick terminology:
* host: your physical Linux system hosting the virtual machine
* guest: the Linux system installed inside the virtual machine
The commands below will be prefixed with `host$` or `guest$` to reflect where
the command should be executed.
## Initial virtual machine set-up
These steps need to be done only once during the first-time set-up.
@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ These steps need to be done only once during the first-time set-up.
#### CPU Virtualization Technology
Ensure CPU Virtualization Technology is enabled in your motherboard BIOS.
$ egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
host$ egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
If you see your CPUs listed with `vmx` or `svm` flags, you're good to go.
Otherwise, consult your motherboard manual to see how to enable VT.
@ -58,17 +61,17 @@ Otherwise, consult your motherboard manual to see how to enable VT.
#### KVM
Ensure KVM is set up and loaded.
$ kvm-ok
host$ kvm-ok
INFO: /dev/kvm exists
KVM acceleration can be used
If you see the above, everything's set up. Otherwise, consult your operating
system manual or KVM manual to install and load KVM.
#### libvirt
Ensure libvirt is installed and ready.
#### libvirt and QEMU
Ensure libvirt and QEMU are installed and ready.
$ virsh version --daemon
host$ virsh version --daemon
Compiled against library: libvirt 7.6.0
Using library: libvirt 7.6.0
Using API: QEMU 7.6.0
@ -82,19 +85,18 @@ On Ubuntu: `sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system`
#### Make a pbot-vm user or directory
You can either make a new user account or make a new directory in your current user account.
In either case, name it `pbot-vm` so we'll have one place for the install ISO file and the
virtual machine disk and snapshot files.
In either case, name it `pbot-vm` so we'll have a home for the virtual machine.
#### Add libvirt group to your user
Add your user or the `pbot-vm` user to the `libvirt` group.
Add your user (or the `pbot-vm` user) to the `libvirt` group.
$ sudo adduser $USER libvirt
host$ sudo adduser $USER libvirt
Log out and then log back in for the new group to take effect on your user.
#### Download Linux ISO
Download a preferred Linux ISO. For this guide, we'll use Fedora. Why? I'm
using Fedora Rawhide for my PBot VM because I want convenient and reliable
Download a preferred Linux ISO. For this guide, we'll use Fedora Stable. Why?
I'm using Fedora Rawhide for my PBot VM because I want convenient and reliable
access to the latest bleeding-edge versions of software.
I recommend using the Fedora Stable net-installer for this guide unless you
@ -104,11 +106,14 @@ the minimal install option without a graphical desktop.
https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/35/Server/x86_64/iso/Fedora-Server-netinst-x86_64-35-1.2.iso
is the Fedora Stable net-installer ISO used in this guide.
### Creating a new virtual machine
To create a new virtual machine we'll use the `virt-install` command. First, ensure you are
the `pbot-vm` user or that you have changed your current working directory to `pbot-vm`.
### Create a new virtual machine
To create a new virtual machine we'll use the `virt-install` command.
$ virt-install --name=pbot-vm --disk=size=12,cache=none,driver.io=native,snapshot=external,path=vm.qcow2 --cpu=host --os-variant=fedora34 --graphics=spice,gl.enable=yes --video=virtio --location=Fedora-Server-netinst-x86_64-35-1.2.iso
* First, ensure you are the `pbot-vm` user or that you have changed your current working directory to `pbot-vm`. The Linux ISO downloaded earlier should be present in this location.
Execute the following command:
host$ virt-install --name=pbot-vm --disk=size=12,cache=none,driver.io=native,snapshot=external,path=vm.qcow2 --cpu=host --os-variant=fedora34 --graphics=spice,gl.enable=yes --video=virtio --location=Fedora-Server-netinst-x86_64-35-1.2.iso
If you are installing over an X-forwarded SSH session, strip the `,gl.enable=yes`
part. Note that `disk=size=12` will create a 12 GB sparse file. Sparse means the file
@ -120,7 +125,7 @@ For further information about `virt-install`, read its manual page. While the ab
give sufficient performance and compatability, there are a great many options worth investigating
if you want to fine-tune your virtual machine.
#### Installing Linux in the virtual machine
#### Install Linux in the virtual machine
After executing the `virt-install` command above, you should now see a window
showing Linux booting up and launching an installer. For this guide, we'll walk
through the Fedora 35 installer. You can adapt these steps for your own distribution
@ -135,87 +140,88 @@ of choice.
Installation will need to download about 328 RPMs consisting of about 425 MB. It'll take 5 minutes to an hour or longer
depending on your hardware and network configuration.
#### Configuring virtual machine for PBot
#### Configure virtual machine for PBot
Once the install finishes, click the `Reboot` button in the Fedora installer in the virtual machine window.
#### Set up serial ports
Now, while the virtual machine is rebooting, switch to a terminal on your host system. Go into the
`pbot-vm/host/devices` directory and run the `add-serials` script. Feel free to look inside. It will add
the `serial-2.xml` and `serial-3.xml` files to the configuration for the `pbot-vm` libvirt machine.
`pbot-vm/host/devices` directory and run the `add-serials` script. It will add the `serial-2.xml` and
`serial-3.xml` files to the configuration for the `pbot-vm` libvirt machine.
This will enable and connect the `/dev/ttyS1` and `/dev/ttyS2` serial ports inside the virtual machine
to TCP connections on `127.0.0.1:5555` and `127.0.0.1:5556`, respectively. `ttyS1/5555` is the data
channel used to send commands or code to the virtual machine and to read back output. `ttyS2/5556` is
simply a newline sent every 5 seconds, representing a heartbeat, used to ensure that the PBot communication
This will enable and connect the `/dev/ttyS1` and `/dev/ttyS2` serial ports in the guest
to the following TCP connections on the host: `127.0.0.1:5555` and `127.0.0.1:5556`,
respectively. `ttyS1/5555` is the data channel used to send commands or code to the
virtual machine and to read back output. `ttyS2/5556` is simply a newline sent every
5 seconds, representing a heartbeat, used to ensure that the PBot communication
channel is healthy.
Once that's done, switch back to the virtual machine window. Once the virtual machine has rebooted,
log in as `root`. Now go ahead and shut the virtual machine down with `shutdown now -h`. We need to
restart the virtual machine itself so it loads the new serial device configuration. Once the machine
has shutdown, bring it right back up with the following commands on the host system in the terminal
used for `virt-install`:
Now we need to restart the virtual machine itself so it loads the new serial device configuration.
Switch back to the virtual machine window. Once the virtual machine has rebooted, log in as `root`
and shut the virtual machine down with `shutdown now -h`.
$ virsh start pbot-vm
Once the machine has shutdown, bring it right back up with the following commands on the host:
Now the virtual machine will start back up in the background.
host$ virsh start pbot-vm
$ virt-viewer pbot-vm
Now the virtual machine will start back up in the background. To bring up a visible window
to access the virtual machine, execute:
Now you should see the virtual machine window after a few seconds. Log in as `root` once the login
host$ virt-viewer pbot-vm
You should see the guest window after a few seconds. Log in as `root` once the login
prompt appears.
#### Install Perl
Now we need to install Perl inside the virtual machine. This allows us to run the PBot VM Guest
Now we need to install Perl on the guest. This allows us to run the PBot VM Guest
script.
$ dnf install perl-interpreter perl-lib perl-IPC-Run perl-JSON-XS perl-English
guest$ dnf install perl-interpreter perl-lib perl-IPC-Run perl-JSON-XS perl-English
That installs the minium packages for the Perl interpreter (note we used `perl-interpreter` instead of `perl`),
the package for the Perl `lib`, `IPC::Run`, `JSON::XS` and `English` modules.
as well as the Perl `lib`, `IPC::Run`, `JSON::XS` and `English` modules.
#### Install PBot VM Guest
Next we install the PBot VM Guest script that fosters communication between the virtual machine guest
and the physical host system. We'll do this inside the virtual machine guest system.
and the physical host system. We'll do this inside the virtual machine guest system, logged on as `root`
while in the `/root` directory. Feel free to `chdir` to `/tmp` if you prefer.
The `rsync` command isn't installed in a Fedora minimal install, but `scp` is available. Replace
`192.168.100.42` below with your own local IP address and `user` with the user account that has the
PBot directory and `pbot` with the path to the directory.
The `rsync` command isn't installed with a Fedora minimal install, but `scp` is available. Replace
`192.168.100.42` below with your own local IP address; `user` with the user account that has the
PBot directory; and `pbot` with the path to the directory.
$ scp -r user@192.168.100.42:~/pbot/applets/pbot-vm/guest .
guest$ scp -r user@192.168.100.42:~/pbot/applets/pbot-vm/guest .
Once that's done, run the following command:
$ ./guest/bin/setup-guest
guest$ ./guest/bin/setup-guest
Feel free to take a look inside to see what it does. It's very short. After running
the `setup-guest` script make sure you run `source /root/.bashrc` so the environment
changes take effect.
After running the `setup-guest` script, we need to make the environment changes take effect:
guest$ source /root/.bashrc
#### Install software
Now you can install any languages you want to use.
Python3 is already installed.
Now we can install any software and programming languages we want to make available
in the virtual machine. Use the `dnf search` command or your distribution's documentation
to find packages. I will soon make available a script to install all package necessary for all
languages supported by PBot.
For the C programming language you will need at least these:
$ dnf install libubsan libasan gdb gcc clang
I'll list all the packages for the others soon. You can use `dnf search <name>` to find packages
in Fedora.
guest$ dnf install libubsan libasan gdb gcc clang
#### Start PBot VM Guest
We're ready to start the PBot VM Guest.
We're ready to start the PBot VM Guest. On the guest, execute the command:
$ start-guest
guest$ start-guest
This starts up a server to listen for incoming commands or code and to handle them. We'll leave
this running.
#### Test PBot VM Guest
Let's make sure everything's working up to this point. There should be two open TCP ports on
`5555` and `5556`.
Let's make sure everything's working up to this point. On the host, there should
be two open TCP ports on `5555` and `5556`. On the host, execute the command:
$ nc -zv 127.0.0.1 5555-5556
host$ nc -zv 127.0.0.1 5555-5556
If it says anything other than `Connection succeeded` then make sure you have completed the steps
under [Set up serial ports](#set-up-serial-ports) and that your network configuration is allowing
@ -224,7 +230,7 @@ access.
Let's make sure the PBot VM Guest is listening for and can execute commands. The `vm-exec` command
in the `applets/pbot-vm/host/bin` directory allows you to send commands from the shell.
$ vm-exec -lang=sh echo hello world
host$ vm-exec -lang=sh echo hello world
This should output some logging noise followed by "hello world". You can test other language modules
by changing the `-lang=` option. I recommend testing and verifying that all of your desired language
@ -233,13 +239,13 @@ modules are configured before going on to the next step.
If you have multiple PBot VM Guests, or if you used a different TCP port, you can specify the
`PBOT_VM_PORT` environment variable when executing the `vm-exec` command:
$ PBOT_VM_PORT=6666 vm-exec -lang=sh echo test
host$ PBOT_VM_PORT=6666 vm-exec -lang=sh echo test
#### Save initial state
Switch back to an available terminal on the physical host machine. Enter the following command
to save a snapshot of the virtual machine waiting for incoming commands.
$ virsh snapshot-create-as pbot-vm 1
host$ virsh snapshot-create-as pbot-vm 1
This will create a snapshot file `vm.1` next to the `vm.qcow2` disk file. If the virtual machine
ever times-out or its heartbeat stops responding, PBot will reset the virtual machine to this
@ -254,8 +260,13 @@ virtual machine will continue running in the background until it is manually shu
To start the PBot VM Host server, execute the `vm-server` script in the
`applets/pbot_vm/host/bin` directory on the host.
host$ vm-server
This will start a TCP server on port `9000`. It will listen for incoming commands and
pass them along to the virtual machine's TCP serial port.
### Test PBot
All done. Everything is set up now. In your instance of PBot, the `sh echo hello` command should output `hello`.
<pragma-> sh echo hello
<PBot> hello