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71 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
# Writing plugins for PyLink
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PyLink plugins are modules that extend its functionality by giving it something to do. Without any plugins loaded, PyLink can only sit on a server and do absolutely nothing.
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This guide, along with the sample plugin [`plugin_example.py`](plugin_example.py), aim to show the basics of writing plugins for PyLink.
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### Receiving data from IRC
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Plugins have three main ways of communicating with IRC: hooks, WHOIS handlers, and commands sent in PM to the main PyLink client. A simple plugin can use one, or any mixture of these.
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### Hooks
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Hooks are probably the most versatile form of communication. Each hook payload is formatted as a Python `dict`, with different data keys depending on the command.
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For example, a `PRIVMSG` payload would give you the fields `target` and `text`, while a `PART` payload would only give you `channels` and `reason` fields.
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There are many hook types available (one for each supported IRC command), and you can read more about them in the [PyLink hooks reference](hooks-reference.md).
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Plugins can bind to hooks using the `utils.add_hook()` function like so: `utils.add_hook(function_name, 'PRIVMSG')`, where `function_name` is your function definition, and `PRIVMSG` is whatever hook name you want to bind to. Once set up, `function_name` will be called whenever the protocol module receives a `PRIVMSG` command.
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Each hook-bound function takes 4 arguments: `irc, source, command, args`.
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- **irc**: The IRC object where the hook was called. Plugins are globally loaded, so there will be one of these per network.
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- **source**: The numeric of the sender. This will usually be a UID (for users) or a SID (for server).
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- **command**: The true command name where the hook originates. This may or may not be the same as the name of the hook, depending on context.
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- **args**: The hook data (a `dict`) associated with the command. Again, the available data keys differ by hook name
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(see the [hooks reference](hooks-reference.md) for a list of which can be used).
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Hook functions do not return anything, and can raise exceptions to be caught by the core.
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### PyLink commands
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For plugins that interact with IRC users, there is also the option of binding to PM commands.
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Commands are bound to using the `utils.add_cmd()` function: `utils.add_cmd(testcommand, "hello")`. Here, `testcommand` is the name of your function, and `hello` is the (optional) name of the command to bind to; if it is not specified, it'll use the same name as the function.
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Now, your command function will be called whenever someone PMs the PyLink client with the command (e.g. `/msg PyLink hello`, case-insensitive).
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Each command function takes 3 arguments: `irc, source, args`.
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- **irc**: The IRC object where the command was called.
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- **source**: The numeric of the sender. This will usually be a UID (for users) or a SID (for server).
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- **args**: A `list` of space-separated command args (excluding the command name) that the command was called with. For example, `/msg PyLink hello world 1234` would give an `args` list of `['world', '1234']`
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Command handlers do not return anything and can raise exceptions, which are caught by the core and automatically return an error message.
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### WHOIS handlers
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The third option, `WHOIS` handlers, are a lot more limited compared to the other options. They are solely used for `WHOIS` replies, **and only work on IRCds where WHOIS commands are sent to remote servers!** This includes Charybdis and UnrealIRCd, but **not** InspIRCd, which handles all `WHOIS` requests locally (the only thing sent between servers is an IDLE time query).
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WHOIS replies are special in that any plugins wishing to add lines to a WHOIS reply must do so after the regular WHOIS lines (handled by the core), but before a special "End of WHOIS" line. This means that the regular hooks mechanism, which are only called after core handling, doesn't work here.
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An example of a plugin WHOIS handler is in the relay plugin. WHOIS handler functions are added to the `world.whois_handlers` list using a simple `append()`. They should return either nothing or a two-length list: the first item being the WHOIS numeric, and the second the raw whois text.
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```
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def relayWhoisHandler(irc, target):
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user = irc.users[target]
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orig = getLocalUser(irc, target)
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if orig:
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network, remoteuid = orig
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remotenick = world.networkobjects[network].users[remoteuid].nick
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return [320, "%s :is a remote user connected via PyLink Relay. Home "
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"network: %s; Home nick: %s" % (user.nick, network,
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remotenick)]
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world.whois_handlers.append(relayWhoisHandler)
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```
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### Sending data to IRC
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Plugins receive data from the underlying protocol module, and communicate back using outgoing [command functions](pmodule-spec.md) implemented by the protocol module. They should *never* send raw data directly back to IRC, because that wouldn't be portable across different IRCds.
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These functions are usually called in this fashion: `irc.proto.abcdClient(arg1, arg2)`. For example, the command `irc.proto.joinClient('10XAAAAAB', '#bots')` would join a PyLink client with UID `10XAAAAAB` to channel `#bots`.
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For sending messages (e.g. replies to commands), a simpler form of `irc.msg(targetUID, text, notice=False, source=None)` is also used. The sender UID can be set here with the `source` argument, and defaults to the main PyLink client.
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