mikaela.github.io/n/localectl.md

---
title: Quick localectl config
excerpt: For when I need to remember how to change system language on systemd using distributions.
layout: mini
permalink: /n/localectl.html
redirect_from:
  - /locale.html
  - /locales.html
  - /english/2016/10/16/adjusting-locales.html
  - /blog/english/2016/10/16/adjusting-locales.html
sitemap: true
lang: en
robots: noai
---

# Quick notes on `localectl` settings

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<em lang="fi">Automaattinen sisällysluettelo</em> / <em lang="en">Automatically generated Table of Contents</em>

- [Ready commands](#ready-commands)
  - [Finland compatible internationalish English](#finland-compatible-internationalish-english)
  - [Finland Finnish](#finland-finnish)
- [Explanations](#explanations)

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## Ready commands

### Finland compatible internationalish English

```bash
sudo localectl set-locale LANG=en_IE.utf8 LC_TIME=en_DK.utf8 LC_MONETARY=fi_FI.utf8 LC_NAME=fi_FI.utf8 LC_TELEPHONE=fi_FI.utf8
```

- Everything will be in English, but time will be in ISO 8601, financial units use Finnish separators, names are sorted according to Finnish alphabet (a, …, x, y, z, å, ä, ö) and phone numbers begin with the Finnish `+358` prefix.

### Finland Finnish

```
sudo localectl set-locale LANG=fi_FI.utf8 LC_TIME=fi_FI.utf8 LC_MONETARY=fi_FI.utf8 LC_NAME=fi_FI.utf8 LC_TELEPHONE=fi_FI.utf8
```

## Explanations

- LANG is the language and defaults for other variables if they are unset.
  en_DK gives ISO 8601 date format for everything respecting LC_TIME.
  - `LANG=en_IE date` returns `Sun 02 Jun 2024 11:05:04 EEST`,
    while `LANG=en_DK date` returns `2024-06-02T11:05:04 EEST`.
- LC_MONETARY sets the currency and how sums of it are managed.
- LC_NAME sets name format and I prefer Finnish (just the name) to Irish
  which probably has `M{r,s,rs}` and I hate them being gendered and I doubt it
  understands Mx.
- LC_TELEPHONE sets telephone number format and I set it to fi_FI as it
  defaults international numbers to +358 and I am more likely to be typing
  Finnish numbers than Irish. I imagine it can affect office tools, and
  it's here more of just in case.

And naturally to use these locales, they must be compiled.

So `/etc/locale.gen` must include the lines

```
en_DK.UTF-8 UTF-8
en_IE.UTF-8 UTF-8
# If you don't have en_US, things will break!
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
fi_FI.UTF-8 UTF-8
```

and as always, after editing that file, you must run `sudo locale-gen`.

(Debian & deriative users, you have `dpkg-reconfigure locales` that merges
the editing and locale-gen and that is probably what you are supposed to
use.)

It seems like I didn't even say anything about that UTF-8 part, but
it's 2024 and everything is UTF-8 (or your things are horribly broken
and the rest of the world hates you).

Sources/thanks:

- [Arch Wiki: Locale, LC_TIME](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/locale#LC_TIME:_date_and_time_format)
- [Locale Helper: en_IE](https://lh.2xlibre.net/locale/en_IE/)
- [Locale Helper: fi_FI](https://lh.2xlibre.net/locale/fi_FI/)
- [Wikipedia: UTF-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8)
  - Random misplaced advice: disable charset fallback in your
    IRC client and be UTF-8 only! You will see when someone is not
    using UTF-8 and won't submit useless bug reports to
    bots/bridges/whatever that are UTF-8 only (as supporting every
    charset is impossible, since IRC has nothing to declare character
    set, and there is zero reason why you wouln't be using UTF-8! Well nowadays
    some have [IRCv3 `UTF8ONLY` `ISUPPORT` token](https://ircv3.net/specs/extensions/utf8-only)).
- [ISO 8601](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601)
  - You should read it or at least be aware of it especially if you are
    in contact with people from other countries and even more if you
    are in international communities trying to get anything done with
    anything that has to do with time or date!

---

2019-12-27: I don't see LANGUAGE mentioned here, but it was blocking me
from changing language of GNOME and `sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales` in the
end gave me `*** update-locale: Warning: LANGUAGE (en_US:en) is not compatible with LANG (fi_FI.UTF-8). Disabling it.`.

Either I was wrong on it being list of fallback languages I wish to use, or
GNOME has different view on it, but as I think I have seen errors related
to it before, I will drop `LANGUAGE` from the variables I set.

---

2024-04-04: `export LANGUAGE=eo:fi:en` in a file read by my [`zshrc`](https://gitea.blesmrt.net/mikaela/shell-things/src/branch/master/rc/zshrc) works fine as it gets read before my [`startsway`](https://gitea.blesmrt.net/mikaela/scripts/src/branch/master/bash/usr-local-bin/startsway) anyway.

---

2024-06-02: fixed a lot of language, practically rewrote the page.