Limnoria/plugins/Fediverse/activitypub.py

###
# Copyright (c) 2020, Valentin Lorentz
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
#   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
#     this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
#   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
#     this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in the
#     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#   * Neither the name of the author of this software nor the name of
#     contributors to this software may be used to endorse or promote products
#     derived from this software without specific prior written consent.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

###

import os
import json
import email
import base64
import functools
import contextlib
import urllib.parse
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa import generate_private_key


from supybot import commands, conf
from supybot.utils import gen, web


XRD_URI = "{http://docs.oasis-open.org/ns/xri/xrd-1.0}"
ACTIVITY_MIMETYPE = "application/activity+json"


class ActivityPubError(Exception):
    pass


class ProtocolError(ActivityPubError):
    pass


class HostmetaError(ProtocolError):
    pass


class ActivityPubProtocolError(ActivityPubError):
    pass


class WebfingerError(ProtocolError):
    pass


class ActorNotFound(ActivityPubError):
    pass


def sandbox(f):
    """Runs a function in a process with limited memory to prevent
    XML memory bombs
    <https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities>
    """

    @functools.wraps(f)
    def newf(*args, **kwargs):
        try:
            return commands.process(
                f,
                *args,
                timeout=10,
                heap_size=100 * 1024 * 1024,
                pn="Fediverse",
                cn=f.__name__,
                **kwargs
            )
        except (commands.ProcessTimeoutError, MemoryError):
            raise web.Error(
                "Page is too big or the server took "
                "too much time to answer the request."
            )

    return newf


@contextlib.contextmanager
def convert_exceptions(to_class, msg="", from_none=False):
    try:
        yield
    except Exception as e:
        arg = msg + str(e)
        if from_none:
            raise to_class(arg) from None
        else:
            raise to_class(arg) from e


@sandbox
def _get_webfinger_url(hostname):
    with convert_exceptions(HostmetaError):
        doc = ET.fromstring(
            web.getUrlContent("https://%s/.well-known/host-meta" % hostname)
        )

        for link in doc.iter(XRD_URI + "Link"):
            if link.attrib["rel"] == "lrdd":
                return link.attrib["template"]

    return "https://%s/.well-known/webfinger?resource={uri}"


def webfinger(hostname, uri):
    template = _get_webfinger_url(hostname)
    assert template

    with convert_exceptions(ActorNotFound):
        content = web.getUrlContent(
            template.replace("{uri}", uri),
            headers={"Accept": "application/json"},
        )

    with convert_exceptions(WebfingerError, "Invalid JSON: ", True):
        return json.loads(content.decode())


def get_instance_actor_url():
    root_url = conf.supybot.servers.http.publicUrl()
    if not root_url:
        return None

    return urllib.parse.urljoin(root_url, "/fediverse/instance_actor")


def _generate_private_key():
    return generate_private_key(
        public_exponent=65537, key_size=2048, backend=default_backend()
    )


def _get_private_key():
    path = conf.supybot.directories.data.dirize("Fediverse/instance_key.pem")
    if not os.path.isfile(path):
        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path), exist_ok=True)
        key = _generate_private_key()
        pem = key.private_bytes(
            encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
            format=serialization.PrivateFormat.TraditionalOpenSSL,
            encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption(),
        )
        with open(path, "wb") as fd:
            fd.write(pem)

    with open(path, "rb") as fd:
        return serialization.load_pem_private_key(
            fd.read(), password=None, backend=default_backend()
        )


def get_public_key():
    return _get_private_key().public_key()


def get_public_key_pem():
    return get_public_key().public_bytes(
        encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
        format=serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
    )


def signed_request(url, headers=None, data=None):
    method = "get" if data is None else "post"
    instance_actor_url = get_instance_actor_url()
    headers = gen.InsensitivePreservingDict(headers or {})

    if "Date" not in headers:
        headers["Date"] = email.utils.formatdate(usegmt=True)

    if instance_actor_url:
        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
        signed_headers = [
            ("(request-target)", method + " " + parsed_url.path),
            ("host", parsed_url.hostname),
        ]
        for (header_name, header_value) in headers.items():
            signed_headers.append((header_name.lower(), header_value))
        signed_text = "\n".join("%s: %s" % header for header in signed_headers)

        private_key = _get_private_key()
        signature = private_key.sign(
            signed_text.encode(), padding.PKCS1v15(), hashes.SHA256()
        )

        headers["Signature"] = (
            'keyId="%s#main-key",' % instance_actor_url
            + 'headers="%s",' % " ".join(k for (k, v) in signed_headers)
            + 'signature="%s"' % base64.b64encode(signature).decode()
        )

    with convert_exceptions(ActivityPubProtocolError):
        return web.getUrlContent(url, headers=headers, data=data)


def actor_url(localuser, hostname):
    uri = "acct:%s@%s" % (localuser, hostname)
    for link in webfinger(hostname, uri)["links"]:
        if link["rel"] == "self" and link["type"] == ACTIVITY_MIMETYPE:
            return link["href"]

    raise ActorNotFound(localuser, hostname)


def get_actor(localuser, hostname):
    url = actor_url(localuser, hostname)

    return get_resource_from_url(url)


def get_resource_from_url(url):
    content = signed_request(url, headers={"Accept": ACTIVITY_MIMETYPE})

    assert content is not None

    with convert_exceptions(ActivityPubProtocolError, "Invalid JSON: ", True):
        return json.loads(content.decode())