systemd specifies a special passive target unit 'network-pre.target'
which may be pulled in by services that want to run before any network
interface is brought up or configured. Correspondingly, network
management services such as iwd and ead should specify
After=network-pre.target to ensure a proper ordering with respect to
this special target. For more information on network-pre.target, see
systemd.special(7).
Two examples to explain the rationale of this change:
1. On one of our embedded systems running iwd, a oneshot service is
run on startup to configure - among other things - the MAC address of
the wireless network interface based on some data in an EEPROM.
Following the systemd documentation, the oneshot service specifies:
Before=network-pre.target
Wants=network-pre.target
... to ensure that it is run before any network management software
starts. In practice, before this change, iwd was starting up and
connecting to an AP before the service had finished. iwd would then
get kicked off by the AP when the MAC address got changed. By
specifying After=network-pre.target, systemd will take care to avoid
this situation.
2. An administrator may wish to use network-pre.target to ensure
firewall rules are applied before any network management software is
started. This use-case is described in the systemd documentation[1].
Since iwd can be used for IP configuration, it should also respect
the After=network-pre.target convention.
Note that network-pre.target is a passive unit that is only pulled in if
another unit specifies e.g. Wants=network-pre.target. If no such unit
exists, this change will have no effect on the order in which systemd
starts iwd or ead.
[1] https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/NetworkTarget/
For wired authentication the protocol version used in the EAPOL
packets sent by ead is fixed to 802.1X-2004 (2) but some switches
implementing only 802.1X-2001 erroneously ignore these packets.
As ead only sends EAPOL-Start and EAP-Packet packets and these have
not changed between 802.1X-2001 and 802.1X-2004 there should be
no reason to use 802.1X-2004. Hence, this changes ead to always use
802.1X-2001 (1) instead.
Switches implementing newer versions of 802.1X should not have
problems responding to packets using the original version.
