iwd/doc/coding-style.txt

Background
==========

Every project has its coding style, and the Wireless daemon is not an
exception.  This document describes the preferred coding style for the
Wireless daemon code, in order to keep some level of consistency among
developers so that code can be easily understood and maintained, and also
to help your code survive under maintainer's fastidious eyes so that you
can get a passport for your patch ASAP.

First of all, the Wireless daemon coding style must follow every rule for
Linux kernel (http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/process/coding-style.rst).
There also exists a tool named checkpatch.pl to help you check the compliance
with it. Just type "checkpatch.pl --no-tree --no-signoff patch_name" to
check your patch.

In theory, you need to clean up all the warnings and errors.  In certain
circumstances one can ignore the 80 character per line limit.  This is
generally only allowed if the alternative would make the code even less
readable.

Besides the kernel coding style above, the Wireless daemon has special
flavors for its own. Some of them are mandatory (marked as 'M'), while
some others are optional (marked as 'O'), but generally preferred.


M1: Blank line before and after an if/while/do/for statement
============================================================
There should be a blank line before if statement unless the if is nested and
not preceded by an expression or variable declaration.

Example:
1)
a = 1;
if (b) {  // wrong

2)
a = 1

if (b) {
}
a = 2;	// wrong

3)
if (a) {
	if (b)  // correct

4)
b = 2;

if (a) {	// correct

}

b = 3;

The only exception to this rule applies when a variable is being allocated:
array = g_try_new0(int, 20);
if (array)	// Correct
	return;


M2: Multiple line comment
=========================
If your comments have more then one line, please start it from the second line.

Example:
/*
 * first line comment	// correct
 * ...
 * last line comment
 */


M3: Space before and after operator
===================================
There should be a space before and after each operator.

Example:
a + b;  // correct


M4: Wrap long lines
===================
If your condition in if, while, for statement or a function declaration is too
long to fit in one line, the new line needs to be indented not aligned with the
body.

Example:
1)
if (call->status == CALL_STATUS_ACTIVE ||
	call->status == CALL_STATUS_HELD) {  // wrong
	ofono_dbus_dict_append();

2)
if (call->status == CALL_STATUS_ACTIVE ||
		call->status == CALL_STATUS_HELD) {  // correct
	ofono_dbus_dict_append();

3)
gboolean sim_ust_is_available(unsigned char *service_ust, unsigned char len,
	num sim_ust_service index) // wrong
{
	int a;
	...
}

4)
gboolean sim_ust_is_available(unsigned char *service_ust, unsigned char len,
					enum sim_ust_service index) // correct
{
	int a;
	...
}

If the line being wrapped is a function call or function declaration, the
preferred style is to indent at least past the opening parenthesis. Indenting
further is acceptable as well (as long as you don't hit the 80 character
limit).

If this is not possible due to hitting the 80 character limit, then indenting
as far as possible to the right without hitting the limit is preferred.

Example:

1)
gboolean sim_ust_is_available(unsigned char *service_ust, unsigned char len,
		enum sim_ust_service index); // worse

2)
gboolean sim_ust_is_available(unsigned char *service_ust, unsigned char len,
						enum sim_ust_service index);
						// better


M5: Git commit message 50/72 formatting
=======================================
The commit message header should be within 50 characters. And if you have
detailed explanatory text, wrap it to 72 character.


M6: Space when doing type casting
=================================
There should be a space between new type and variable.

Example:
1)
a = (int *)b;  // wrong
2)
a = (int *) b;  // correct


M7: Don't initialize variable unnecessarily
===========================================
When declaring a variable, try not to initialize it unless necessary.

Example:
int i = 1;  // wrong

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
}


M8: Use g_try_malloc instead of g_malloc
========================================
When g_malloc fails, the whole program would exit. Most of time, this is not
the expected behavior, and you may want to use g_try_malloc instead.

Example:
additional = g_try_malloc(len - 1);  // correct
if (additional == NULL)
	return FALSE;


M9: Follow the order of include header elements
===============================================
When writing an include header the various elements should be in the following
order:
	- #includes
	- forward declarations
	- #defines
	- enums
	- typedefs
	- function declarations and inline function definitions


M10: Internal headers must not use include guards
=================================================
Any time when creating a new header file with non-public API, that header
must not contain include guards.


M11: Naming of enums
====================
Enums must have a descriptive name.  The enum type should be small caps and
it should not be typedef-ed.  Enum contents should be in CAPITAL letters and
prefixed by the enum type name.

Example:

enum animal_type {
	ANIMAL_TYPE_FOUR_LEGS,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_EIGHT_LEGS,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_TWO_LEGS,
};

If the enum contents have values (e.g. from specification) the formatting
should be as follows:

enum animal_type {
	ANIMAL_TYPE_FOUR_LEGS =		4,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_EIGHT_LEGS =	8,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_TWO_LEGS =		2,
};


M12: Enum as switch variable
====================

If the variable of a switch is an enum, you must not include a default in
switch body. The reason for this is: If later on you modify the enum by adding
a new type, and forget to change the switch accordingly, the compiler will
complain the new added type hasn't been handled.

Example:

enum animal_type {
	ANIMAL_TYPE_FOUR_LEGS =		4,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_EIGHT_LEGS =	8,
	ANIMAL_TYPE_TWO_LEGS =		2,
};

enum animal_type t;

switch (t) {
case ANIMAL_TYPE_FOUR_LEGS:
	...
	break;
case ANIMAL_TYPE_EIGHT_LEGS:
	...
	break;
case ANIMAL_TYPE_TWO_LEGS:
	...
	break;
default:  // wrong
	break;
}

However if the enum comes from an external header file outside ofono
we cannot make any assumption of how the enum is defined and this
rule might not apply.


M13: Check for pointer being NULL
=================================
When checking if a pointer or a return value is NULL, use the shorter check
with "!" operator rather than explicitly compare to NULL.

Example:
1)
array = g_try_new0(int, 20);
if (!array)	// Correct
	return;

2)
array = g_try_new0(int, 20);
if (array == NULL)	// Wrong
	return;


M14: Always use parenthesis with sizeof
=======================================
The expression argument to the sizeof operator should always be in
parenthesis, too.

Example:
1)
memset(stuff, 0, sizeof(*stuff));

2)
memset(stuff, 0, sizeof *stuff); // Wrong


M15: Use void if function has no parameters
===========================================================
A function with no parameters must use void in the parameter list.

Example:
1)
void foo(void)
{
}

2)
void foo()	// Wrong
{
}


M16: Don't use hex value with shift operators
==============================================
The expression argument to the shift operators should not be in hex.

Example:

1)
1 << y

2)
0x1 << y	// Wrong


M17: Avoid forward-declaration of static functions
==================================================

Functions that are static should not be forward-declared.  The only exception
to this rule is if a circular dependency condition exists, and the forward
declaration cannot be avoided.

M18: Use appropriate logging levels
===================================
An appropriate log level should be used depending on the type of message
being logged. Logging is done using the l_log APIs in ELL:

l_error   An unexpected condition occurred. These are generally fatal to the
          current connection/protocol that is running but not generally to IWD's
          overall operation.
l_warn    An unexpected, but non-fatal condition occurred
l_notice  Should not be used directly. This log level is reserved for special
          event type notifications which is handled by iwd_notice().
l_info    Information that is expected during normal operation. l_info's use
          should be very limited so non-debug logs are concise
l_debug   General debugging. These can be used relatively freely but should
          provide some piece of useful information.

O1: Shorten the name
====================
Better to use abbreviation, rather than full name, to name a variable,
function, struct, etc.

Example:
supplementary_service  // too long
ss  // better


O2: Try to avoid complex if body
================================
It's better not to have a complicated statement for if. You may judge its
contrary condition and return | break | continue | goto ASAP.

Example:
1)
if (a) {  // worse
	struct voicecall *v;
	call = synthesize_outgoing_call(vc, vc->pending);
	v = voicecall_create(vc, call);
	v->detect_time = time(NULL);
	DBG("Registering new call: %d", call->id);
	voicecall_dbus_register(v);
} else
	return;

2)
if (!a)
	return;

struct voicecall *v;
call = synthesize_outgoing_call(vc, vc->pending);
v = voicecall_create(vc, call);
v->detect_time = time(NULL);
DBG("Registering new call: %d", call->id);
voicecall_dbus_register(v);