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doc/Factoids.md: add /code section describing Code Factoids
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doc/Factoids.md
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doc/Factoids.md
@ -91,6 +91,146 @@ If a factoid begins with `/call ` then PBot will call an existing command. This
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#### /msg
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If a factoid begins with `/msg <nick> ` then PBot will privately message the factoid text to `<nick>`. Only admins can use this command.
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### /code
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Code Factoids are a special type of factoid whose text is treated as code and executed with a chosen programming language
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or interpreter. The output from code is then parsed and treated like any other factoid text. This allows anybody to add
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new and unique commands to PBot without the need for installing Plugins or modules.
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Code Factoids are executed within a virtual machine. See the [Virtual Machine](doc/VirtualMachine.md) documentation
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for more information.
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To create a Code Factoid, use the `/code` command. The syntax is:
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factadd keyword /code <language> <code>
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The `<language>` parameter selects a programming/scripting language or interpreter to use.
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#### Supported languages
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As of this writing, these are the languages and interpreters that PBot supports. It is easy to add additional
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languages or interpreters. For example, [take a look at these language/interpreter files.](../modules/compiler_vm/languages)
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#### Special variables
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All the variables listed in [Special Variables](#special-variables) are expanded within Code Factoids before
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the code is executed or interpreted.
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[List variables](#list-variables) are also expanded beforehand as well. You can prevent this by using [`factset`](#factset)
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to set the `interpolate` [factoid meta-data](#factoid-metadata-list) to `0`. Alternatively, you can prevent `$variables` in
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the code from expanding by prefixing their name with an underscore, i.e. `$_variable`.
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#### testargs example
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Let's make a simple Code Factoid that demonstrates command-line arguments. Let's use
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the C programming language because why not?
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<pragma-> !factadd testargs /code c11 printf("/say args: "); while (*++argv) printf("[%s] ", *argv);
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<PBot> testargs added to the global channel.
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<pragma-> testargs foo bar
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<PBot> args: [foo] [bar]
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<pragma-> testargs "abc 123" xyz
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<PBot> args: [abc 123] [xyz]
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#### Setting a usage message
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Suppose you want command to display a usage message if there are no arguments provided. You can use
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the [`factset`](#factset) command to set the `usage` [factoid meta-data](#factoid-metadata-list).
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<pragma-> !testargs
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<PBot> args:
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<pragma-> !factset testargs usage Usage: testargs <arguments>
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<PBot> [global] testcargs 'usage' set to 'Usage: testargs <arguments>'
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<pragma-> !testargs
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<PBot> Usage: testargs <arguments>
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#### poll/vote example
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Here is a basic poll/vote example. Let's use Perl this time.
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First we add the factoids. Note that we use `$_variable` with underscore prefixing
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the name to prevent them from being expanded as [List Variables](#list-variables).
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<pragma-> !factadd startvote /code perl use Storable; my $_question = "@ARGV";
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print "Starting poll: $_question Use `vote <keyword>` to record your vote.";
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my %_votes = (); my @data = ({%_votes}, $_question);
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system 'rm -rf vote-data'; mkdir 'vote-data' or print "$!";
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store \@data, 'vote-data/data';
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<pragma-> !factset startvote usage Usage: startvote <question>
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<pragma-> !factadd vote /code perl use Storable; my $_data = retrieve 'vote-data/data';
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my %_votes = %{shift @$_data}; ($_votes{"$nick"}) = (lc "@ARGV");
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unshift @$_data, {%_votes}; store $_data, 'vote-data/data';
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<pragma-> !factset vote usage Usage: vote <keyword>
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<pragma-> !factadd votes /code perl no warnings; use Storable; my $_data = retrieve 'vote-data/data';
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my %_votes = %{shift @$_data}; my $_question = shift @$_data;
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if (not keys %_votes) { print "No votes for \"$_question\" yet."; exit; }
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my %_count; map { $_count{$_}++ } values %_votes;
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my $_result = "Poll results for \"$_question\": "; my $_comma = "";
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map { $_result .= "$_comma$_: $_count{$_}"; $_comma = ', '; }
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sort { $_count{$b} <=> $_count{$a} } keys %_count; print "/say $_result";
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And action:
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<pragma-> !startvote Isn't this cool?
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<PBot> Starting poll: Isn't this cool? Use `vote <keyword>` to record your vote.
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<pragma-> !vote yes
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<luser69> !vote no
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<someguy> !vote yes
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<derpy3> !vote hamburger
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<pragma-> !votes
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<PBot> Poll results for "Isn't this cool?": yes: 2, no: 1, hamburger: 1
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#### SpongeBob Mock meme example
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Here is an example demonstrating how Code Factoids and command piping can work together.
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The SpongeBob Mock meme takes something ridiculous somebody said and repeats it with the
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letters in alternating lower and upper case.
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<derpy3> Girls are dumb!
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<SpBob> smh @ derpy3... gIrLs ArE dUmB!
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Let's make a command, using a Code Factoid, to do this! `sm` stands for "SpongeBob Mock".
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This time we'll use the Bash shell scripting language.
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<pragma-> !factadd sm /code bash echo "${@,,}"|perl -pe 's/(?<!^)[[:alpha:]].*?([[:alpha:]]|$)/\L\u$&/g'
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<pragma-> !factset sm usage Usage: sm <text>
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<pragma-> !sm Testing one, two...
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<PBot> tEsTiNg OnE, tWo...
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#### Using command-piping
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You can pipe the output of other commands to Code Factoids.
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<pragma-> !echo Testing three, four... | {sm}
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<PBot> tEsTiNg ThReE, fOuR...
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<pragma-> !version | {sm}
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<PBot> pBoT vErSiOn 2696 2020-01-04
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#### Improving SpongeBob Mock meme
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Let's improve the SpongeBob Mock meme by using the `recall` command to select
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the mock text for us.
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First of all, the `recall` command prints output like this:
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<pragma-> !recall derpy3 girls
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<PBot> [5m30s ago] <derpy3> Girls are dumb!
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So we're going to use the `func` command to invoke the built-in `sed` function
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to strip the timestamp and the name, leaving only the message. `smr` stands for
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"SpongeBob Mock Recall".
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<pragma-> !factadd smr /call recall $args | {func sed s/^.*?\] (<.*?> )?(\S+:\s*)?//} | {sm}
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<pragma-> !smr derpy3 girls
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<PBot> gIrLs ArE dUmB!
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### Special variables
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You can use the following variables in a factoid or as an argument to one.
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@ -353,7 +493,7 @@ Usage: `factshow [channel] <keyword>`
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### factset
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To view [factoid meta-data](#factoid-metadata-list), such as owner, rate-limit, etc, use the `factset` command.
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Usage: `factset <channel> <factoid> [<key> [value]]`
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Usage: `factset [channel] <factoid> [<key> [value]]`
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Omit `<key>` and `<value>` to list all the keys and values for a factoid. Specify `<key>`, but omit `<value>` to see the value for a specific key.
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