pbot/README.md

# PBot
PBot is a versatile IRC Bot written in Perl

<!-- md-toc-begin -->
* [Installation / Quick Start](#installation--quick-start)
* [Features](#features)
  * [Useful IRC command improvements](#useful-irc-command-improvements)
  * [Channel management](#channel-management)
  * [User management](#user-management)
  * [Easy configuration](#easy-configuration)
  * [Reload core modules without disconnecting](#reload-core-modules-without-disconnecting)
  * [Powerful command interpreter](#powerful-command-interpreter)
    * [Piping](#piping)
    * [Substitution](#substitution)
    * [Chaining](#chaining)
    * [Variables](#variables)
    * [Inline invocation](#inline-invocation)
    * [Background processing](#background-processing)
  * [Extensible](#extensible)
  * [Factoids](#factoids)
  * [Code Factoids](#code-factoids)
  * [Plugins](#plugins)
  * [Modules](#modules)
  * [Functions](#functions)
  * [Virtual machine](#virtual-machine)
* [Documentation](#documentation)
* [Frequently Asked Questions](#frequently-asked-questions)
* [Support](#support)
* [License](#license)
<!-- md-toc-end -->

## Installation / Quick Start
To get up-and-running quickly, check out the [Quick Start guide](doc/QuickStart.md).

## Features

### Useful IRC command improvements
* [`mode`](doc/Admin.md#mode) command can take wildcards, e.g. `mode +ov foo* bar*` to op nicks beginning with `foo` and voice nicks beginning with `bar`
* `unban <nick>` and `unmute <nick>` will remove all bans/mutes matching their current or previously seen hostmasks or accounts
* [`ban`](doc/Admin.md#banmute) and [`mute`](doc/Admin.md#banmute) will intelligently set banmasks; supports timeouts
* [`ban`](doc/Admin.md#banmute) and [`mute`](doc/Admin.md#banmute) can take a comma-separate list of nicks. Will intelligently group them into multiple `MODE +bbbb` commands
* [`kick`](doc/Admin.md#kick) can take a comma-separated list of nicks; also accepts wildcards
* and much, much more!

### Channel management
PBot can perform the typical channel management tasks.

* opping/deopping, etc
* channel-mode tracking
* user hostmask/alias tracking
* ban-evasion detection
* flood detection
* whitelisting, blacklisting, etc
* spam/advertisement detection
* and much, much more!

For more information, see the [Channels documentation](doc/Admin.md#channel-management-commands) and the [Anti-abuse documentation](doc/AntiAbuse.md)

### User management
PBot has easy straightforward user management via simple built-in commands.

* [user capabilities](doc/Admin.md#user-capabilities) dictate what users can and cannot do
* user accounts can be global or channel-specific
* users can be recognized by hostmask or required to login with password
* users can adjust their [user-metadata](doc/Admin.md#user-metadata-list) with the [`my`](doc/Commands.md#my) command
* and much, much more!

For more information, see the [Admin documentation.](doc/Admin.md#user-management-commands)

### Easy configuration
PBot's settings are contained in a central registry of key/value pairs grouped by sections.

These settings can easily be configured via several methods:

* [PBot's command-line arguments](doc/Registry.md#overriding-registry-values-via-command-line)
* [simple built-in commands (`regset`, `regunset`, etc)](doc/Registry.md#registry-commands)
* [editing](doc/Registry.md#editing-registry-file) the [`$data_dir/registry`](data/registry) plain-text JSON file

For more information, see the [Registry documentation.](doc/Registry.md)

### Reload core modules without disconnecting
Suppose you edit some PBot source file, be it a core file such as PBot/Factoids.pm or
a Plugin such as Plugins/Wttr.pm. Or suppose there's a PBot update available. Most simple
bots would require you to shut down the bot and restart it in order to see the modifications.

Not PBot! Rather than shut PBot down and restart it, you can simply use the [`refresh`](doc/Admin.md#refresh)
command to reload all modified PBot core files and Plugins.

You can also use the [`reload`](doc/Admin.md#reload) command to reload any modified
configuration or data files.

### Powerful command interpreter
PBot has a powerful command interpreter with useful functionality, and tons of
built-in commands.

For more information, see the [Commands documentation.](doc/Commands.md)

#### Piping
You can pipe output from one command as input into another command, indefinitely.

    <pragma-> !echo hello world | {sed s/world/everybody/} | {uc}
       <PBot> HELLO EVERYBODY

#### Substitution
You can insert the output from another command at any point within a command. This
substitutes the command with its output at the point where the command was used.

    <pragma-> !echo This is &{echo a demonstration} of command substitution
       <PBot> This is a demonstration of command substitution

For example, suppose you want to make a Google Image Search command. The naive
way would be to simply do:

    <pragma-> !factadd img /call echo https://google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=$args

Unfortuately this would not support queries containing spaces or certain symbols. But
never fear! We can use command substitution and the `uri_escape` function from the
`func` command.

Note that you must escape the command substitution to insert it literally into the
factoid otherwise it will be expanded first.

    <pragma-> !factadd img /call echo https://google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=\&{func uri_escape $args}

    <pragma-> !img spaces & stuff
       <PBot> https://google.com/search?tbm=isch&q=spaces%20%26%20stuff

#### Chaining
You can execute multiple commands sequentially as one command.

    <pragma-> !echo Test! ;;; me smiles. ;;; version
       <PBot> Test! * PBot smiles. PBot version 2696 2020-01-04

#### Variables
You can use factoids as variables and interpolate them within commands.

    <pragma-> !factadd greeting "Hello, world"

    <pragma-> !echo greeting is $greeting
       <PBot> greeting is Hello, world

PBot variable interpolation supports [expansion modifiers](doc/Factoids.md#expansion-modifiers), which can be chained to
combine their effects.

    <pragma-> !echo $greeting:uc
       <PBot> HELLO, WORLD

#### Inline invocation
You can invoke up to three commands inlined within a message.  If the message
is addressed to a nick, the output will also be addressed to them.

    <pragma-> newuser13: Check the !{version} and the !{help} documentation.
       <PBot> newuser13: PBot version 2696 2020-01-04
       <PBot> newuser13: To learn all about me, see https://github.com/pragma-/pbot/tree/master/doc

#### Background processing
Any command can be flagged to be executed as a background process. For example, suppose you
make a Plugin that has a command that may potentially take a long time to complete, which could
cause PBot to be non-responsive...

Not a problem! You can use the [`cmdset`](doc/Admin.md#cmdset) command to set the `background-process` [command metadata](doc/Admin.md#command-metadata-list)
and the command will now run as a background process, allowing PBot to carry on with its duties.

The familiar [`ps`](doc/Admin.md#ps) and [`kill`](doc/Admin.md#kill) commands can be used to list and kill the background processes.

You can also [`cmdset`](doc/Admin.md#cmdset) the `process-timeout` [command metadata](doc/Admin.md#command-metadata-list) to set the timeout, in seconds, before the command is automatically killed. Otherwise the `processmanager.default_timeout` [registry value](doc/Registry.md) will be used.

### Extensible
PBot is extensible in multiple ways. Additional commands and functionality can  be added to PBot through
[Factoids](#factoids), [Plugins](#plugins), [Modules](#modules) and [Functions](#functions).

### Factoids
Factoids are a very special type of command. Anybody interacting with PBot
can create, edit, delete and invoke factoids. Factoids can be locked by the
creator of the factoid to prevent them from being edited by others.

At its most simple, a factoid merely displays the text the creator sets.

    <pragma-> !factadd hello /say Hello, $nick!
       <PBot> hello added to global channel.

    <pragma-> PBot, hello
       <PBot> Hello, pragma-!

Significantly more complex factoids can be built by using `$variables`, command-substitution,
command-piping, `/code` invocation, and more!

PBot factoids include these advanced features:

* [undo/redo history](doc/Factoids.md#factundo)
* [changelog history](doc/Factoids.md#factlog)
* [channel namespaces](doc/Factoids.md#channel-namespaces)
* [creating](doc/Factoids.md#factadd) and [modifying](doc/Factoids.md#factchange) contents using your local system editor to edit the contents, optionally including line-breaks and indentation; then pasting the contents to a Web paste site; and finally using the `-url` option to add/edit the factiod.
* [advanced `$variable` interpolation](doc/Factoids.md#expansion-modifiers) (`$var:lc` to lowercase contents, `$var:ucfirst` to uppercase first letter, etc)
* [factoid-based variable lists](doc/Factoids.md#list-variables) (e.g., add a factoid `colors` containing "red green blue" and then `!echo $colors` will randomly pick one)
* [advanced argument processing](doc/Factoids.md#special-variables-1) (indexing, splicing, etc)
* [metadata](doc/Factoids.md#factoid-metadata) (e.g. owner, times used, last used date, locked, etc)
* [special commands](doc/Factoids.md#special-commands) (`/say`, `/me`, `/msg`, `/code`, etc)
* and much, much more!

For more information, see the [Factoids documentation](doc/Factoids.md).

### Code Factoids
Code Factoids are a special type of factoid that begin with the `/code` command.

    /code <language> <code>

That's right! Anybody can create a factoid that can execute arbitrary code in
[any language](doc/Factoids.md#supported-languages)! This is one of PBot's most powerful features.

How is this safe? Because the code is executed within a virtual machine that
has been configured to fall-back to a previously saved state whenever it times out.

For example, the venerable `rot13` function:

    <pragma-> !factadd rot13 /code sh echo "$@" | tr a-zA-Z n-za-mN-ZA-M
       <PBot> rot13 added to global channel.

    <pragma-> !rot13 Pretty neat, huh?
       <PBot> Cerggl arng, uhu?

You can pipe output from other commands to Code Factoids.

    <pragma-> !echo test | {rot13}
       <PBot> grfg

For more information, see the [Code Factoid documentation](doc/Factoids.md#code).

### Plugins
PBot can dynamically load and unload Perl modules to alter its behavior.

These are some of the plugins that PBot has; there are many more:

Plugin | Description
--- | ---
[GoogleSearch](Plugins/GoogleSearch.pm) | Performs Internet searches using the Google search engine.
[UrlTitles](Plugins/UrlTitles.pm) | When a URL is seen in a channel, intelligently display its title. It will not display titles that are textually similiar to the URL, in order to maintain the channel signal-noise ratio.
[Quotegrabs](Plugins/Quotegrabs.pm) | Grabs channel messages as quotes for posterity. Can grab messages from anywhere in the channel history. Can grab multiple messages at once!
[Weather](Plugins/Weather.pm) | Fetches and shows weather data for a location.
[Wttr](Plugins/Wttr.pm) | Advanced weather Plugin with tons of options. Uses wttr.in.
[RemindMe](Plugins/RemindMe.pm) | Lets people set up reminders. Lots of options.
[ActionTrigger](Plugins/ActionTrigger.pm) | Lets admins set regular expression triggers to execute PBot commands or factoids.
[AntiAway](Plugins/AntiAway.pm) | Detects when a person uses annoying in-channel away messages and warns them.
[AutoRejoin](Plugins/AutoRejoin.pm) | Automatically rejoin channels if kicked or removed.
[AntiNickSpam](Plugins/AntiNickSpam.pm) | Detects when a person is spamming an excessive number of nicks in the channel and removes them.
[AntiRepeat](Plugins/AntiRepeat.pm) | Warn people about excessively repeating messages. Kicks if they fail to heed warnings.
[AntiTwitter](Plugins/AntiTwitter.pm) | Warn people about addressing others with `@<nick>`. Kicks if they fail to heed warnings.
[Date](Plugins/Date.pm) | Displays date and time for a timezone.

There are even a few games!

Plugin | Description
--- | ---
[Spinach](Plugins/Spinach.pm) | An advanced multiplayer Trivia game engine with a twist! A question is shown. Everybody privately submits a false answer. All false answers and the true answer is shown. Everybody tries to guess the true answer. Points are gained when people pick your false answer!
[Battleship](Plugins/Battleship.pm) | The classic Battleship board game, simplified for IRC
[Connect4](Plugins/Connect4.pm) | The classic Connect-4 game.

### Modules
Modules are external command-line executable programs and scripts that can be
loaded as PBot commands.

Suppose you have the [Qalculate!](https://qalculate.github.io/) command-line
program and you want to provide a PBot command for it. You can create a _very_ simple
shell script containing:

    #!/bin/sh
    qalc "$*"

And let's call it `qalc.sh` and put it in PBot's `modules/` directory.

Then you can load it with the [`load`](doc/Admin.md#load) command.

    !load qalc qalc.sh

Now you have a [Qalculate!](https://qalculate.github.io/) calculator in PBot!

    <pragma-> !qalc 2 * 2
       <PBot> 2 * 2 = 4

These are just some of the modules PBot comes with; there are several more:

Module | Description
--- | ---
[C-to-English translator](modules/c2english) | Translates C code to natural English sentences.
[C precedence analyzer](modules/paren) | Adds parentheses to C code to demonstrate precedence.
[C Jeopardy! game](modules/cjeopardy) | C programming trivia game based on the Jeopardy! TV game show.
[C Standard citations](modules/c11std.pl) | Cite specified sections/paragraphs from the C standard.
[Virtual machine](modules/compiler_vm) | Executes arbitrary code and commands within a virtual machine.
[dict.org Dictionary](modules/dict.org.pl) | Interface to dict.org for definitions, translations, acronyms, etc.
[Urban Dictionary](modules/urban) | Search Urban Dictionary for definitions.
[Manpages](modules/man.pl) | Display a concise formatting of manual pages (designed for C functions)

For more information, see the [Modules documentation](doc/Modules.md).

### Functions
Functions are commands that accept input, manipulate it and then output the result. They are extremely
useful with [piping](#piping) or [command substituting](#substitution).

For example, the `uri_escape` function demonstrated in the [Substitution](#substitution) section earlier
makes text safe for use in a URL.

    <pragma-> uri_escape thing's & words
       <PBot> thing%27s%20%26%20words

We also saw the `sed` and `uc` functions demonstrated in [Piping](#piping). The `sed` function
replaces text using a substitution regex. The `uc` function uppercases the text.

    <pragma-> echo Hello world! | {sed s/world/universe/} | {uc}
       <PBot> HELLO UNIVERSE!

Here's a short list of the Functions that come with PBot.

Name | Description
--- | ---
`uri_escape` | Percent-encodes unsafe URI characters.
`sed` | Performs sed-like regex substitution.
`pluralize` | Intelligently makes a word or phrase plural.
`unquote` | Removes surrounding quotation marks.
`title` | Title-cases text. That is, lowercases the text then uppercases the first letter of each word.
`ucfirst` | Uppercases the first character of the text.
`uc` | Uppercases all characters.
`lc` | Lowercases all characters.

Additional Functions can easily be added by making a very simple PBot Plugin.

For more information, see the [Functions documentation](doc/Functions.md).

### Virtual machine
PBot can integrate with a virtual machine to safely execute arbitrary user-submitted
operating system commands or code.

PBot supports [several shells and languages](doc/Factoids.md#supported-languages) out of the box!

    <pragma-> !sh echo Remember rot13? | tr a-zA-Z n-za-mN-ZA-M
       <PBot> Erzrzore ebg13?

<!-- -->

        <nil> !go package main\nimport "fmt"\nfunc main() { fmt.Print("foo" == "foo"); }
       <PBot> true

<!-- -->

    <pragma-> !python print('Hello there!')
       <PBot> Hello there!

PBot has extensive support for the C programming language. For instance, the C programming language
plugin is integrated with the GNU Debugger. It will print useful debugging information.

    <pragma-> !cc char *p = 0; *p = 1;
       <PBot> runtime error: store to null pointer of type 'char'
              Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault at
              statement: *p = 1; <local variables: p = 0x0>

It can display the value of the most recent statement if there is no program output.

    <pragma-> !cc sizeof (int)
       <PBot> no output: sizeof(int) = 4

For more information about the C programming language plugin, see [the `cc` command in the Modules documentation.](doc/Modules.md#cc)

For more information about the virtual machine, see the [Virtual Machine documentation.](doc/VirtualMachine.md)

## Documentation
See the [PBot documentation](doc) for more information.

## Frequently Asked Questions
If you have a question, try the [PBot FAQ](doc/FAQ.md)!

## Support
For additional questions and support, feel free to join the `#pbot2` channel on the [Freenode](https://freenode.net/kb/answer/chat) IRC network ([Web Chat](https://webchat.freenode.net/#pbot2)).

## License
PBot is licensed under the [Mozilla Public License, version 2](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/MPL/2.0/).