ergo/irc/strings.go

// Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Jeremy Latt
// Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Edmund Huber
// Copyright (c) 2016-2017 Daniel Oaks <daniel@danieloaks.net>
// released under the MIT license

package irc

import (
	"fmt"
	"regexp"
	"strings"

	"github.com/ergochat/confusables"
	"golang.org/x/text/cases"
	"golang.org/x/text/secure/precis"
	"golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm"
	"golang.org/x/text/width"

	"github.com/ergochat/ergo/irc/utils"
)

const (
	precisUTF8MappingToken = "rfc8265"

	// space can't be used
	// , is used as a separator
	// * is used in mask matching
	// ? is used in mask matching
	// . denotes a server name
	// ! separates nickname from username
	// @ separates username from hostname
	// : means trailing
	protocolBreakingNameCharacters = " ,*?.!@:"

	// #1436: we discovered that these characters are problematic,
	// so we're disallowing them in new nicks/account names, but allowing
	// previously registered names
	disfavoredNameCharacters = `<>'";#`
)

var (
	// reviving the old ergonomadic nickname regex:
	// in permissive mode, allow arbitrary letters, numbers, punctuation, and symbols
	permissiveCharsRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^[\pL\pN\pP\pS]*$`)
)

type Casemapping uint

const (
	// "precis" is the default / zero value:
	// casefolding/validation: PRECIS + ircd restrictions (like no *)
	// confusables detection: standard skeleton algorithm
	CasemappingPRECIS Casemapping = iota
	// "ascii" is the traditional ircd behavior:
	// casefolding/validation: must be pure ASCII and follow ircd restrictions, ASCII lowercasing
	// confusables detection: none
	CasemappingASCII
	// "permissive" is an insecure mode:
	// casefolding/validation: arbitrary unicodes that follow ircd restrictions, unicode casefolding
	// confusables detection: standard skeleton algorithm (which may be ineffective
	// over the larger set of permitted identifiers)
	CasemappingPermissive
)

// XXX this is a global variable without explicit synchronization.
// it gets set during the initial Server.applyConfig and cannot be changed by rehash:
// this happens-before all IRC connections and all casefolding operations.
var globalCasemappingSetting Casemapping = CasemappingPRECIS

// XXX analogous unsynchronized global variable controlling utf8 validation
// if this is off, you get the traditional IRC behavior (relaying any valid RFC1459
// octets) and invalid utf8 messages are silently dropped for websocket clients only.
// if this is on, invalid utf8 inputs get a FAIL reply.
var globalUtf8EnforcementSetting bool

// Each pass of PRECIS casefolding is a composition of idempotent operations,
// but not idempotent itself. Therefore, the spec says "do it four times and hope
// it converges" (lolwtf). Golang's PRECIS implementation has a "repeat" option,
// which provides this functionality, but unfortunately it's not exposed publicly.
func iterateFolding(profile *precis.Profile, oldStr string) (str string, err error) {
	str = oldStr
	// follow the stabilizing rules laid out here:
	// https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-precis-7564bis-10.html#section-7
	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
		str, err = profile.CompareKey(str)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		if oldStr == str {
			break
		}
		oldStr = str
	}
	if oldStr != str {
		return "", errCouldNotStabilize
	}
	return str, nil
}

// Casefold returns a casefolded string, without doing any name or channel character checks.
func Casefold(str string) (string, error) {
	return casefoldWithSetting(str, globalCasemappingSetting)
}

func casefoldWithSetting(str string, setting Casemapping) (string, error) {
	switch setting {
	default:
		return iterateFolding(precis.UsernameCaseMapped, str)
	case CasemappingASCII:
		return foldASCII(str)
	case CasemappingPermissive:
		return foldPermissive(str)
	}
}

// CasefoldChannel returns a casefolded version of a channel name.
func CasefoldChannel(name string) (string, error) {
	if len(name) == 0 {
		return "", errStringIsEmpty
	}

	// don't casefold the preceding #'s
	var start int
	for start = 0; start < len(name) && name[start] == '#'; start += 1 {
	}

	if start == 0 {
		// no preceding #'s
		return "", errInvalidCharacter
	}

	lowered, err := Casefold(name[start:])
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	// space can't be used
	// , is used as a separator
	// * is used in mask matching
	// ? is used in mask matching
	if strings.ContainsAny(lowered, " ,*?") {
		return "", errInvalidCharacter
	}

	return name[:start] + lowered, err
}

// CasefoldName returns a casefolded version of a nick/user name.
func CasefoldName(name string) (string, error) {
	lowered, err := Casefold(name)

	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	} else if len(lowered) == 0 {
		return "", errStringIsEmpty
	}

	// # is a channel prefix
	// ~&@%+ are channel membership prefixes
	// - I feel like disallowing
	if strings.ContainsAny(lowered, protocolBreakingNameCharacters) || strings.ContainsAny(string(lowered[0]), "#~&@%+-") {
		return "", errInvalidCharacter
	}

	return lowered, err
}

// CasefoldTarget returns a casefolded version of an IRC target, i.e.
// it determines whether the target is a channel name or nickname and
// applies the appropriate casefolding rules.
func CasefoldTarget(name string) (string, error) {
	if strings.HasPrefix(name, "#") {
		return CasefoldChannel(name)
	} else {
		return CasefoldName(name)
	}
}

// returns true if the given name is a valid ident, using a mix of Insp and
// Chary's ident restrictions.
func isIdent(name string) bool {
	if len(name) < 1 {
		return false
	}

	for i := 0; i < len(name); i++ {
		chr := name[i]
		if (chr >= 'a' && chr <= 'z') || (chr >= 'A' && chr <= 'Z') || (chr >= '0' && chr <= '9') {
			continue // alphanumerics
		}
		if i == 0 {
			return false // first char must be alnum
		}
		switch chr {
		case '[', '\\', ']', '^', '_', '{', '|', '}', '-', '.', '`':
			continue // allowed chars
		default:
			return false // disallowed chars
		}
	}

	return true
}

// Skeleton produces a canonicalized identifier that tries to catch
// homoglyphic / confusable identifiers. It's a tweaked version of the TR39
// skeleton algorithm. We apply the skeleton algorithm first and only then casefold,
// because casefolding first would lose some information about visual confusability.
// This has the weird consequence that the skeleton is not a function of the
// casefolded identifier --- therefore it must always be computed
// from the original (unfolded) identifier and stored/tracked separately from the
// casefolded identifier.
func Skeleton(name string) (string, error) {
	switch globalCasemappingSetting {
	default:
		return realSkeleton(name)
	case CasemappingASCII:
		// identity function is fine because we independently case-normalize in Casefold
		return name, nil
	}
}

func realSkeleton(name string) (string, error) {
	// XXX the confusables table includes some, but not all, fullwidth->standard
	// mappings for latin characters. do a pass of explicit width folding,
	// same as PRECIS:
	name = width.Fold.String(name)

	name = confusables.SkeletonTweaked(name)

	// internationalized lowercasing for skeletons; this is much more lenient than
	// Casefold. In particular, skeletons are expected to mix scripts (which may
	// violate the bidi rule). We also don't care if they contain runes
	// that are disallowed by PRECIS, because every identifier must independently
	// pass PRECIS --- we are just further canonicalizing the skeleton.
	return cases.Fold().String(name), nil
}

// maps a nickmask fragment to an expanded, casefolded wildcard:
// Shivaram@good-fortune -> *!shivaram@good-fortune
// EDMUND -> edmund!*@*
func CanonicalizeMaskWildcard(userhost string) (expanded string, err error) {
	userhost = strings.TrimSpace(userhost)
	var nick, user, host string
	bangIndex := strings.IndexByte(userhost, '!')
	strudelIndex := strings.IndexByte(userhost, '@')

	if bangIndex != -1 && bangIndex < strudelIndex {
		nick = userhost[:bangIndex]
		user = userhost[bangIndex+1 : strudelIndex]
		host = userhost[strudelIndex+1:]
	} else if bangIndex != -1 && strudelIndex == -1 {
		nick = userhost[:bangIndex]
		user = userhost[bangIndex+1:]
	} else if bangIndex != -1 && strudelIndex < bangIndex {
		// @ before !, fail
		return "", errNicknameInvalid
	} else if bangIndex == -1 && strudelIndex != -1 {
		user = userhost[:strudelIndex]
		host = userhost[strudelIndex+1:]
	} else if bangIndex == -1 && strudelIndex == -1 {
		nick = userhost
	} else {
		// shouldn't be possible
		return "", errInvalidParams
	}

	if nick == "" {
		nick = "*"
	}
	if nick != "*" {
		// XXX wildcards are not accepted with most unicode nicks,
		// because the * character breaks casefolding
		nick, err = Casefold(nick)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
	}
	if user == "" {
		user = "*"
	}
	if user != "*" {
		user = strings.ToLower(user)
	}
	if host == "" {
		host = "*"
	}
	if host != "*" {
		host = strings.ToLower(host)
	}
	expanded = fmt.Sprintf("%s!%s@%s", nick, user, host)
	if utils.SafeErrorParam(expanded) != expanded {
		err = errInvalidCharacter
	}
	return
}

func foldASCII(str string) (result string, err error) {
	if !IsPrintableASCII(str) {
		return "", errInvalidCharacter
	}
	return strings.ToLower(str), nil
}

func IsPrintableASCII(str string) bool {
	for i := 0; i < len(str); i++ {
		// allow space here because it's technically printable;
		// it will be disallowed later by CasefoldName/CasefoldChannel
		chr := str[i]
		if chr < ' ' || chr > '~' {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func foldPermissive(str string) (result string, err error) {
	if !permissiveCharsRegex.MatchString(str) {
		return "", errInvalidCharacter
	}
	// YOLO
	str = norm.NFD.String(str)
	str = cases.Fold().String(str)
	str = norm.NFD.String(str)
	return str, nil
}

// Reduce, e.g., `alice!~u@host` to `alice`
func NUHToNick(nuh string) (nick string) {
	if idx := strings.IndexByte(nuh, '!'); idx != -1 {
		return nuh[0:idx]
	}
	return nuh
}