In PyLink, each protocol module is a file consisting of a protocol class (e.g. `InspIRCdProtocol`), and a global `Class` attribute set equal to it (e.g. `Class = InspIRCdProtocol`). These classes are usually based off boilerplate classes such as `classes.Protocol`, `protocols.ircs2s_common.IRCS2SProtocol`, or other protocol module classes that share functionality with it.
4) Respond to both pings *and* pongs - the `irc.lastping` attribute **must** be set to the current time whenever a `PONG` is received from the uplink, so PyLink's doesn't [lag out the uplink](https://github.com/GLolol/PyLink/blob/1.0-beta1/classes.py#L383-L386) thinking that it isn't responding to our pings.
6) Set the threading.Event object `irc.connected` (via `irc.connected.set()`) when the protocol negotiation with the uplink is complete. This is important for plugins like Relay which must check that links are ready before spawning clients, and they will fail to work if this is not set.
- **`handle_events`**`(self, line)` - Handles inbound data (lines of text) from the uplink IRC server. Normally, this will pass commands to other command handlers within the protocol module, while dropping commands that are unrecognized (wildcard handling). This is type of handling is only a guideline, as it's technically possible to structure event listeners any way you want.
- **`spawnClient`**`(self, nick, ident='null', host='null', realhost=None, modes=set(), server=None, ip='0.0.0.0', realname=None, ts=None, opertype=None, manipulatable=False)` - Spawns a client on the PyLink server. No nick collision / valid nickname checks are done by protocol modules, as it is up to plugins to make sure they don't introduce anything invalid.
-`realname` defaults to the real name specified in the PyLink config, if not given.
-`ts` defaults to the current time if not given.
-`opertype` (the oper type name, if applicable) defaults to the simple text of `IRC Operator`.
- The `manipulatable` option toggles whether the client spawned should be considered protected. Currently, all this does is prevent commands from plugins like `bots` from modifying these clients, but future client protections (anti-kill flood, etc.) may also depend on this.
- The `server` option optionally takes a SID of any PyLink server, and spawns the client on the one given. It will default to the root PyLink server.
- **`mode`**`(self, source, target, modes, ts=None)` - Sends modes from a PyLink client/server. `modes` takes a set of `([+/-]mode char, mode arg)` tuples.
- **`sjoin`**`(self, server, channel, users, ts=None, modes=set())` - Sends an SJOIN for a group of users to a channel. The sender should always be a Server ID (SID). TS is
- **`spawnServer`**`(self, name, sid=None, uplink=None, desc=None)` - Spawns a server off another PyLink server. `desc` (server description) defaults to the one in the config. `uplink` defaults to the main PyLink server, and `sid` (the server ID) is automatically generated if not given. Sanity checks for server name and SID validity ARE done by the protocol module here.
- **`updateClient`**`(self, source, field, text)` - Updates the ident, host, or realname of a PyLink client. `field` should be either "IDENT", "HOST", "GECOS", or
"REALNAME". If changing the field given on the IRCd isn't supported, `NotImplementedError` should be raised.
-`self.hook_map`: this is a `dict`, which maps non-standard command names sent by the IRCd to those used by [PyLink hooks](hooks-reference.md).
- Examples exist in the [UnrealIRCd](https://github.com/GLolol/PyLink/blob/1.0-beta1/protocols/unreal.py#L24-L27) and [InspIRCd](https://github.com/GLolol/PyLink/blob/1.0-beta1/protocols/inspircd.py#L25-L28) modules.
-`self.cmodes` / `self.umodes`: These are mappings of named IRC modes (e.g. `inviteonly` or `moderated`) to a string list of mode letters, that should be either set during link negotiation or hardcoded into the protocol module. There are also special keys: `*A`, `*B`, `*C`, and `*D`, which **must** be set properly with a list of mode characters for that type of mode.
-`self.prefixmodes`: This defines a mapping of prefix modes (+o, +v, etc.) to their respective mode prefix. This will default to `{'o': '@', 'v': '+'}` (the standard op and voice) if not defined.
When receiving or sending topics, there is a `topicset` attribute in the IRC channel (IrcChannel) object that should be set **True**. It simply denotes that a topic has been set in the channel at least once. Relay uses this so it doesn't overwrite topics with empty ones during burst, when a relay channel initialize before the uplink has sent the topic for it.
*Caveat:* Topic handling is not yet subject to TS rules (which vary by IRCds) and are currently blindly accepted. https://github.com/GLolol/PyLink/issues/277
Modes are stored a special format in PyLink, different from raw mode strings in order to make them easier to parse. Mode strings can be turned into mode *lists*, which are used to represent mode changes in hooks, and when storing modes internally.
`irc.parseModes(target, modestring)` is used to convert mode strings to mode lists. `target` is the channel name/UID the mode is being set on, while `modestring` takes either a string or string split by spaces (really a list).
`parseModes` will also automatically convert prefix mode targets from nicks to UIDs, and drop any duplicate (already set) or invalid (e.g. missing argument) modes.
Then, a parsed mode list can be applied to channel name or UID using `irc.applyModes(target, parsed_modelist)`. **Note**: for protocols that accept or reject mode changes based on TS (i.e. practically every IRCd), you may want to use [`Protocol.updateTS(...)`](https://github.com/GLolol/PyLink/blob/1.0-beta1/classes.py#L1252-L1261) to handle TS changes more efficiently.
Internally, modes are stored in `IrcChannel` and `IrcUser` objects as sets, with the `+` prefixing each mode character omitted. This set is accessed via the `modes` attribute:
Starting with PyLink 0.10.x, protocol modules can specify which config values within a server block they need in order to work. This is done by adjusting the `self.conf_keys` attribute, usually in the protocol module's `__init__()` method. The default set, defined in [`Classes.Protocol`](https://github.com/GLolol/PyLink/blob/1.0-beta1/classes.py#L1202-L1204), includes `{'ip', 'port', 'hostname', 'sid', 'sidrange', 'protocol', 'sendpass', 'recvpass'}`. Should any of these keys be missing from a server block, PyLink will bail with a configuration error.
As an example, one protocol module that tweaks this is [`Clientbot`](https://github.com/GLolol/PyLink/blob/1.0-beta1/protocols/clientbot.py#L17-L18), which removes all options except `ip`, `protocol`, and `port`.
